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Add modular primitive libraries and fix Symbol class compatibility

Browse Source 
- Add primitive_libs/ with modular primitive loading (core, math, image,
  color, color_ops, filters, geometry, drawing, blending, arrays, ascii)
- Effects now explicitly declare dependencies via (require-primitives "...")
- Convert ascii-fx-zone from hardcoded special form to loadable primitive
- Add _is_symbol/_is_keyword helpers for duck typing to support both
  sexp_effects.parser.Symbol and artdag.sexp.parser.Symbol classes
- Auto-inject _interp and _env for primitives that need them
- Remove silent error swallowing in cell_effect evaluation

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
This commit is contained in:
gilesb
2026-01-20 09:02:34 +00:00
parent 6ceaa37ab6
commit d574d5badd
24 changed files with 2056 additions and 46 deletions
Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

1
effects/ascii_alternating_rotate.sexp
View File

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
(recipe "ascii_alternating_rotate"
:version "1.0"
:description "ASCII art with alternating rotation directions per cell"
:minimal-primitives true
:encoding (:codec "libx264" :crf 20 :preset "medium" :audio-codec "aac" :fps 30)
:params (

17
execute.py
View File

@@ -348,9 +348,9 @@ def get_encoding(recipe_encoding: dict, step_config: dict) -> dict:
class SexpEffectModule:
"""Wrapper for S-expression effects to provide process_frame interface."""
def __init__(self, effect_path: Path, effects_registry: dict = None, recipe_dir: Path = None):
def __init__(self, effect_path: Path, effects_registry: dict = None, recipe_dir: Path = None, minimal_primitives: bool = False):
from sexp_effects import get_interpreter
self.interp = get_interpreter()
self.interp = get_interpreter(minimal_primitives=minimal_primitives)
# Load only explicitly declared effects from the recipe's registry
# No auto-loading from directory - everything must be explicit
@@ -371,10 +371,10 @@ class SexpEffectModule:
return self.interp.run_effect(self.effect_name, frame, params, state or {})
def load_effect(effect_path: Path, effects_registry: dict = None, recipe_dir: Path = None):
def load_effect(effect_path: Path, effects_registry: dict = None, recipe_dir: Path = None, minimal_primitives: bool = False):
"""Load an effect module from a local path (.py or .sexp)."""
if effect_path.suffix == ".sexp":
return SexpEffectModule(effect_path, effects_registry, recipe_dir)
return SexpEffectModule(effect_path, effects_registry, recipe_dir, minimal_primitives)
spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location("effect", effect_path)
module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
@@ -981,6 +981,11 @@ def execute_plan(plan_path: Path = None, output_path: Path = None, recipe_dir: P
if effects_registry:
print(f"Effects registry: {list(effects_registry.keys())}", file=sys.stderr)
# Check for minimal primitives mode
minimal_primitives = plan.get("minimal_primitives", False)
if minimal_primitives:
print(f"Minimal primitives mode: enabled", file=sys.stderr)
# Execute steps
results = {} # step_id -> output_path
work_dir = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix="artdag_exec_"))
@@ -1124,7 +1129,7 @@ def execute_plan(plan_path: Path = None, output_path: Path = None, recipe_dir: P
if effect_path:
full_path = recipe_dir / effect_path
effect_module = load_effect(full_path, effects_registry, recipe_dir)
effect_module = load_effect(full_path, effects_registry, recipe_dir, minimal_primitives)
params = {k: v for k, v in config.items()
if k not in ("effect", "effect_path", "cid", "encoding", "multi_input")}
print(f" Effect: {effect_name}", file=sys.stderr)
@@ -1420,7 +1425,7 @@ def execute_plan(plan_path: Path = None, output_path: Path = None, recipe_dir: P
if effect_path:
full_path = recipe_dir / effect_path
effect_module = load_effect(full_path, effects_registry, recipe_dir)
effect_module = load_effect(full_path, effects_registry, recipe_dir, minimal_primitives)
params = {k: v for k, v in effect_config.items()
if k not in ("effect", "effect_path", "cid", "encoding", "type")}
print(f" COMPOUND [{i+1}/{len(effects)}]: {effect_name} (Python)", file=sys.stderr)

1
run_staged.py
View File

@@ -118,6 +118,7 @@ def run_staged_recipe(
"output_step_id": plan.output_step_id,
"analysis": analysis_data,
"effects_registry": plan.effects_registry,
"minimal_primitives": plan.minimal_primitives,
"steps": [],
}

5
sexp_effects/effects/ascii_fx_zone.sexp
View File

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
;; Composable ASCII Art with Per-Zone Expression-Driven Effects
;;
;; Requires ascii primitive library for the ascii-fx-zone primitive
(require-primitives "ascii")
;; Two modes of operation:
;;
;; 1. EXPRESSION MODE: Use zone-* variables in expression parameters

2
sexp_effects/effects/blur.sexp
View File

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
;; Blur effect - gaussian blur
(require-primitives "filters" "math")
(define-effect blur
:params (
(radius :type int :default 5 :range [1 50])

2
sexp_effects/effects/brightness.sexp
View File

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
;; Brightness effect - adjusts overall brightness
;; Uses vectorized adjust primitive for fast processing
(require-primitives "color_ops")
(define-effect brightness
:params (
(amount :type int :default 0 :range [-255 255])

2
sexp_effects/effects/contrast.sexp
View File

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
;; Contrast effect - adjusts image contrast
;; Uses vectorized adjust primitive for fast processing
(require-primitives "color_ops")
(define-effect contrast
:params (
(amount :type int :default 1 :range [0.5 3])

2
sexp_effects/effects/hue_shift.sexp
View File

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
;; Hue shift effect - rotates hue values
;; Uses vectorized shift-hsv primitive for fast processing
(require-primitives "color_ops")
(define-effect hue_shift
:params (
(degrees :type int :default 0 :range [0 360])

2
sexp_effects/effects/invert.sexp
View File

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
;; Invert effect - inverts all colors
;; Uses vectorized invert-img primitive for fast processing
(require-primitives "color_ops")
(define-effect invert
:params ()
(invert-img frame))

2
sexp_effects/effects/rotate.sexp
View File

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
;; Rotate effect - rotates image
(require-primitives "geometry")
(define-effect rotate
:params (
(angle :type int :default 0 :range [-360 360])

2
sexp_effects/effects/saturation.sexp
View File

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
;; Saturation effect - adjusts color saturation
;; Uses vectorized shift-hsv primitive for fast processing
(require-primitives "color_ops")
(define-effect saturation
:params (
(amount :type int :default 1 :range [0 3])

227
sexp_effects/interpreter.py
View File

@@ -13,6 +13,21 @@ from .parser import Symbol, Keyword, parse, parse_file
from .primitives import PRIMITIVES, reset_rng
def _is_symbol(x) -> bool:
"""Check if x is a Symbol (duck typing to support multiple Symbol classes)."""
return hasattr(x, 'name') and type(x).__name__ == 'Symbol'
def _is_keyword(x) -> bool:
"""Check if x is a Keyword (duck typing to support multiple Keyword classes)."""
return hasattr(x, 'name') and type(x).__name__ == 'Keyword'
def _symbol_name(x) -> str:
"""Get the name from a Symbol."""
return x.name if hasattr(x, 'name') else str(x)
class Environment:
"""Lexical environment for variable bindings."""
@@ -68,13 +83,26 @@ class Interpreter:
Provides a safe execution environment where only
whitelisted primitives can be called.
Args:
minimal_primitives: If True, only load core primitives (arithmetic, comparison,
basic data access). Additional primitives must be loaded with
(require-primitives) or (with-primitives).
If False (default), load all legacy primitives for backward compatibility.
"""
def __init__(self):
def __init__(self, minimal_primitives: bool = False):
# Base environment with primitives
self.global_env = Environment()
self.minimal_primitives = minimal_primitives
# Load primitives
if minimal_primitives:
# Load only core primitives
from .primitive_libs.core import PRIMITIVES as CORE_PRIMITIVES
for name, fn in CORE_PRIMITIVES.items():
self.global_env.set(name, fn)
else:
# Load all legacy primitives for backward compatibility
for name, fn in PRIMITIVES.items():
self.global_env.set(name, fn)
@@ -98,10 +126,12 @@ class Interpreter:
if expr is None:
return None
if isinstance(expr, Symbol):
# Handle Symbol (duck typing to support both sexp_effects.parser.Symbol and artdag.sexp.parser.Symbol)
if _is_symbol(expr):
return env.get(expr.name)
if isinstance(expr, Keyword):
# Handle Keyword (duck typing)
if _is_keyword(expr):
return expr # Keywords evaluate to themselves
if isinstance(expr, np.ndarray):
@@ -115,7 +145,7 @@ class Interpreter:
head = expr[0]
# Special forms
if isinstance(head, Symbol):
if _is_symbol(head):
form = head.name
# Quote
@@ -125,7 +155,7 @@ class Interpreter:
# Define
if form == 'define':
name = expr[1]
if isinstance(name, Symbol):
if _is_symbol(name):
value = self.eval(expr[2], env)
self.global_env.set(name.name, value)
return value
@@ -138,7 +168,7 @@ class Interpreter:
# Lambda
if form == 'lambda' or form == 'λ':
params = [p.name if isinstance(p, Symbol) else p for p in expr[1]]
params = [p.name if _is_symbol(p) else p for p in expr[1]]
body = expr[2]
return Lambda(params, body, env)
@@ -205,7 +235,7 @@ class Interpreter:
# Set! (mutation)
if form == 'set!':
name = expr[1].name if isinstance(expr[1], Symbol) else expr[1]
name = expr[1].name if _is_symbol(expr[1]) else expr[1]
value = self.eval(expr[2], env)
# Find and update in appropriate scope
scope = env
@@ -220,7 +250,7 @@ class Interpreter:
if form == 'state-get':
state = env.get('__state__')
key = self.eval(expr[1], env)
if isinstance(key, Symbol):
if _is_symbol(key):
key = key.name
default = self.eval(expr[2], env) if len(expr) > 2 else None
return state.get(key, default)
@@ -228,7 +258,7 @@ class Interpreter:
if form == 'state-set':
state = env.get('__state__')
key = self.eval(expr[1], env)
if isinstance(key, Symbol):
if _is_symbol(key):
key = key.name
value = self.eval(expr[2], env)
state[key] = value
@@ -238,6 +268,14 @@ class Interpreter:
if form == 'ascii-fx-zone':
return self._eval_ascii_fx_zone(expr, env)
# with-primitives - load primitive library and scope to body
if form == 'with-primitives':
return self._eval_with_primitives(expr, env)
# require-primitives - load primitive library into current scope
if form == 'require-primitives':
return self._eval_require_primitives(expr, env)
# Function call
fn = self.eval(head, env)
args = [self.eval(arg, env) for arg in expr[1:]]
@@ -247,7 +285,7 @@ class Interpreter:
kw_args = {}
i = 0
while i < len(args):
if isinstance(args[i], Keyword):
if _is_keyword(args[i]):
kw_args[args[i].name] = args[i + 1] if i + 1 < len(args) else None
i += 2
else:
@@ -291,6 +329,19 @@ class Interpreter:
else:
wrapped_args.append(arg)
# Inject _interp and _env for primitives that need them
import inspect
try:
sig = inspect.signature(fn)
params = sig.parameters
if '_interp' in params and '_interp' not in kwargs:
kwargs['_interp'] = self
if '_env' in params and '_env' not in kwargs:
kwargs['_env'] = env
except (ValueError, TypeError):
# Some built-in functions don't have inspectable signatures
pass
# Primitive function
if kwargs:
return fn(*wrapped_args, **kwargs)
@@ -309,12 +360,12 @@ class Interpreter:
return []
# Check if Clojure style (flat list with symbols and values alternating)
if isinstance(bindings[0], Symbol):
if _is_symbol(bindings[0]):
# Clojure style: [x 1 y 2]
pairs = []
i = 0
while i < len(bindings) - 1:
name = bindings[i].name if isinstance(bindings[i], Symbol) else bindings[i]
name = bindings[i].name if _is_symbol(bindings[i]) else bindings[i]
value = bindings[i + 1]
pairs.append((name, value))
i += 2
@@ -323,7 +374,7 @@ class Interpreter:
# Scheme style: ((x 1) (y 2))
pairs = []
for binding in bindings:
name = binding[0].name if isinstance(binding[0], Symbol) else binding[0]
name = binding[0].name if _is_symbol(binding[0]) else binding[0]
value = binding[1]
pairs.append((name, value))
return pairs
@@ -360,12 +411,83 @@ class Interpreter:
"""Evaluate cond expression."""
for clause in expr[1:]:
test = clause[0]
if isinstance(test, Symbol) and test.name == 'else':
if _is_symbol(test) and test.name == 'else':
return self.eval(clause[1], env)
if self.eval(test, env):
return self.eval(clause[1], env)
return None
def _eval_with_primitives(self, expr: Any, env: Environment) -> Any:
"""
Evaluate with-primitives: scoped primitive library loading.
Syntax:
(with-primitives "math"
(sin (* x pi)))
(with-primitives "math" :path "custom/math.py"
body)
The primitives from the library are only available within the body.
"""
# Parse library name and optional path
lib_name = expr[1]
if _is_symbol(lib_name):
lib_name = lib_name.name
path = None
body_start = 2
# Check for :path keyword
if len(expr) > 2 and _is_keyword(expr[2]) and expr[2].name == 'path':
path = expr[3]
body_start = 4
# Load the primitive library
primitives = self.load_primitive_library(lib_name, path)
# Create new environment with primitives
new_env = Environment(env)
for name, fn in primitives.items():
new_env.set(name, fn)
# Evaluate body in new environment
result = None
for e in expr[body_start:]:
result = self.eval(e, new_env)
return result
def _eval_require_primitives(self, expr: Any, env: Environment) -> Any:
"""
Evaluate require-primitives: load primitives into current scope.
Syntax:
(require-primitives "math" "color" "filters")
Unlike with-primitives, this loads into the current environment
(typically used at top-level to set up an effect's dependencies).
"""
for lib_expr in expr[1:]:
if _is_symbol(lib_expr):
lib_name = lib_expr.name
else:
lib_name = lib_expr
primitives = self.load_primitive_library(lib_name)
for name, fn in primitives.items():
env.set(name, fn)
return None
def load_primitive_library(self, name: str, path: str = None) -> dict:
"""
Load a primitive library by name or path.
Returns dict of {name: function}.
"""
from .primitive_libs import load_primitive_library
return load_primitive_library(name, path)
def _eval_ascii_fx_zone(self, expr: Any, env: Environment) -> Any:
"""
Evaluate ascii-fx-zone special form.
@@ -387,8 +509,18 @@ class Interpreter:
The expression parameters (:char_hue, etc.) are NOT pre-evaluated.
They are passed as raw S-expressions to the primitive which
evaluates them per-zone with zone context variables injected.
Requires: (require-primitives "ascii")
"""
from .primitives import prim_ascii_fx_zone
# Look up ascii-fx-zone primitive from environment
# It must be loaded via (require-primitives "ascii")
try:
prim_ascii_fx_zone = env.get('ascii-fx-zone')
except NameError:
raise NameError(
"ascii-fx-zone primitive not found. "
"Add (require-primitives \"ascii\") to your effect file."
)
# Expression parameter names that should NOT be evaluated
expr_params = {'char_hue', 'char_saturation', 'char_brightness',
@@ -421,7 +553,7 @@ class Interpreter:
i = 2
while i < len(expr):
item = expr[i]
if isinstance(item, Keyword):
if _is_keyword(item):
if i + 1 >= len(expr):
break
value_expr = expr[i + 1]
@@ -431,7 +563,7 @@ class Interpreter:
# Resolve symbol references but don't evaluate expressions
# This handles the case where effect definition passes a param like :char_hue char_hue
resolved = value_expr
if isinstance(value_expr, Symbol):
if _is_symbol(value_expr):
try:
resolved = env.get(value_expr.name)
except NameError:
@@ -458,7 +590,7 @@ class Interpreter:
cols = int(value)
elif kw_name == 'char_size':
# Handle nil/None values
if value is None or (isinstance(value, Symbol) and value.name == 'nil'):
if value is None or (_is_symbol(value) and value.name == 'nil'):
char_size = None
else:
char_size = int(value)
@@ -471,14 +603,12 @@ class Interpreter:
elif kw_name == 'contrast':
contrast = float(value)
elif kw_name == 'energy':
if value is None or (isinstance(value, Symbol) and value.name == 'nil'):
if value is None or (_is_symbol(value) and value.name == 'nil'):
energy = None
else:
energy = float(value)
extra_params['energy'] = energy
elif kw_name == 'rotation_scale':
rotation_scale = float(value)
extra_params['rotation_scale'] = rotation_scale
else:
# Store any other params for lambdas to access
extra_params[kw_name] = value
@@ -523,10 +653,25 @@ class Interpreter:
# Call the primitive with interpreter and env for expression evaluation
return prim_ascii_fx_zone(
frame, cols, char_size, alphabet, color_mode, background, contrast,
char_hue, char_saturation, char_brightness,
char_scale, char_rotation, char_jitter,
self, env, extra_params, cell_effect
frame,
cols=cols,
char_size=char_size,
alphabet=alphabet,
color_mode=color_mode,
background=background,
contrast=contrast,
char_hue=char_hue,
char_saturation=char_saturation,
char_brightness=char_brightness,
char_scale=char_scale,
char_rotation=char_rotation,
char_jitter=char_jitter,
cell_effect=cell_effect,
energy=energy,
rotation_scale=rotation_scale,
_interp=self,
_env=env,
**extra_params
)
def _define_effect(self, expr: Any, env: Environment) -> EffectDefinition:
@@ -542,7 +687,7 @@ class Interpreter:
Effects MUST use :params syntax. Legacy ((param default) ...) is not supported.
"""
name = expr[1].name if isinstance(expr[1], Symbol) else expr[1]
name = expr[1].name if _is_symbol(expr[1]) else expr[1]
params = {}
body = None
@@ -552,7 +697,7 @@ class Interpreter:
i = 2
while i < len(expr):
item = expr[i]
if isinstance(item, Keyword) and item.name == "params":
if _is_keyword(item) and item.name == "params":
# :params syntax
if i + 1 >= len(expr):
raise SyntaxError(f"Effect '{name}': Missing params list after :params keyword")
@@ -560,7 +705,7 @@ class Interpreter:
params = self._parse_params_block(params_list)
found_params = True
i += 2
elif isinstance(item, Keyword):
elif _is_keyword(item):
# Skip other keywords (like :desc)
i += 2
elif body is None:
@@ -605,7 +750,7 @@ class Interpreter:
# First element is the parameter name
first = param_def[0]
if isinstance(first, Symbol):
if _is_symbol(first):
param_name = first.name
elif isinstance(first, str):
param_name = first
@@ -617,7 +762,7 @@ class Interpreter:
i = 1
while i < len(param_def):
item = param_def[i]
if isinstance(item, Keyword):
if _is_keyword(item):
if i + 1 >= len(param_def):
break
kw_value = param_def[i + 1]
@@ -772,13 +917,25 @@ class Interpreter:
# =============================================================================
_interpreter = None
_interpreter_minimal = None
def get_interpreter() -> Interpreter:
"""Get or create the global interpreter."""
global _interpreter
def get_interpreter(minimal_primitives: bool = False) -> Interpreter:
"""Get or create the global interpreter.
Args:
minimal_primitives: If True, return interpreter with only core primitives.
Additional primitives must be loaded with require-primitives or with-primitives.
"""
global _interpreter, _interpreter_minimal
if minimal_primitives:
if _interpreter_minimal is None:
_interpreter_minimal = Interpreter(minimal_primitives=True)
return _interpreter_minimal
else:
if _interpreter is None:
_interpreter = Interpreter()
_interpreter = Interpreter(minimal_primitives=False)
return _interpreter

102
sexp_effects/primitive_libs/__init__.py Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
"""
Primitive Libraries System
Provides modular loading of primitives. Core primitives are always available,
additional primitive libraries can be loaded on-demand with scoped availability.
Usage in sexp:
;; Load at recipe level - available throughout
(primitives math :path "primitive_libs/math.py")
;; Or use with-primitives for scoped access
(with-primitives "image"
(blur frame 3)) ;; blur only available inside
;; Nested scopes work
(with-primitives "math"
(with-primitives "color"
(hue-shift frame (* (sin t) 30))))
Library file format (primitive_libs/math.py):
import math
def prim_sin(x): return math.sin(x)
def prim_cos(x): return math.cos(x)
PRIMITIVES = {
'sin': prim_sin,
'cos': prim_cos,
}
"""
import importlib.util
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Dict, Callable, Any, Optional
# Cache of loaded primitive libraries
_library_cache: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]] = {}
# Core primitives - always available, cannot be overridden
CORE_PRIMITIVES: Dict[str, Any] = {}
def register_core_primitive(name: str, fn: Callable):
"""Register a core primitive that's always available."""
CORE_PRIMITIVES[name] = fn
def load_primitive_library(name: str, path: Optional[str] = None) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""
Load a primitive library by name or path.
Args:
name: Library name (e.g., "math", "image", "color")
path: Optional explicit path to library file
Returns:
Dict of primitive name -> function
"""
# Check cache first
cache_key = path or name
if cache_key in _library_cache:
return _library_cache[cache_key]
# Find library file
if path:
lib_path = Path(path)
else:
# Look in standard locations
lib_dir = Path(__file__).parent
lib_path = lib_dir / f"{name}.py"
if not lib_path.exists():
raise ValueError(f"Primitive library '{name}' not found at {lib_path}")
if not lib_path.exists():
raise ValueError(f"Primitive library file not found: {lib_path}")
# Load the module
spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(f"prim_lib_{name}", lib_path)
module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
spec.loader.exec_module(module)
# Get PRIMITIVES dict from module
if not hasattr(module, 'PRIMITIVES'):
raise ValueError(f"Primitive library '{name}' missing PRIMITIVES dict")
primitives = module.PRIMITIVES
# Cache and return
_library_cache[cache_key] = primitives
return primitives
def get_library_names() -> list:
"""Get names of available primitive libraries."""
lib_dir = Path(__file__).parent
return [p.stem for p in lib_dir.glob("*.py") if p.stem != "__init__"]
def clear_cache():
"""Clear the library cache (useful for testing)."""
_library_cache.clear()

196
sexp_effects/primitive_libs/arrays.py Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
"""
Array Primitives Library
Vectorized operations on numpy arrays for coordinate transformations.
"""
import numpy as np
# Arithmetic
def prim_arr_add(a, b):
return np.add(a, b)
def prim_arr_sub(a, b):
return np.subtract(a, b)
def prim_arr_mul(a, b):
return np.multiply(a, b)
def prim_arr_div(a, b):
return np.divide(a, b)
def prim_arr_mod(a, b):
return np.mod(a, b)
def prim_arr_neg(a):
return np.negative(a)
# Math functions
def prim_arr_sin(a):
return np.sin(a)
def prim_arr_cos(a):
return np.cos(a)
def prim_arr_tan(a):
return np.tan(a)
def prim_arr_sqrt(a):
return np.sqrt(np.maximum(a, 0))
def prim_arr_pow(a, b):
return np.power(a, b)
def prim_arr_abs(a):
return np.abs(a)
def prim_arr_exp(a):
return np.exp(a)
def prim_arr_log(a):
return np.log(np.maximum(a, 1e-10))
def prim_arr_atan2(y, x):
return np.arctan2(y, x)
# Comparison / selection
def prim_arr_min(a, b):
return np.minimum(a, b)
def prim_arr_max(a, b):
return np.maximum(a, b)
def prim_arr_clip(a, lo, hi):
return np.clip(a, lo, hi)
def prim_arr_where(cond, a, b):
return np.where(cond, a, b)
def prim_arr_floor(a):
return np.floor(a)
def prim_arr_ceil(a):
return np.ceil(a)
def prim_arr_round(a):
return np.round(a)
# Interpolation
def prim_arr_lerp(a, b, t):
return a + (b - a) * t
def prim_arr_smoothstep(edge0, edge1, x):
t = prim_arr_clip((x - edge0) / (edge1 - edge0), 0.0, 1.0)
return t * t * (3 - 2 * t)
# Creation
def prim_arr_zeros(shape):
return np.zeros(shape, dtype=np.float32)
def prim_arr_ones(shape):
return np.ones(shape, dtype=np.float32)
def prim_arr_full(shape, value):
return np.full(shape, value, dtype=np.float32)
def prim_arr_arange(start, stop, step=1):
return np.arange(start, stop, step, dtype=np.float32)
def prim_arr_linspace(start, stop, num):
return np.linspace(start, stop, num, dtype=np.float32)
def prim_arr_meshgrid(x, y):
return np.meshgrid(x, y)
# Coordinate transforms
def prim_polar_from_center(map_x, map_y, cx, cy):
"""Convert Cartesian to polar coordinates centered at (cx, cy)."""
dx = map_x - cx
dy = map_y - cy
r = np.sqrt(dx**2 + dy**2)
theta = np.arctan2(dy, dx)
return (r, theta)
def prim_cart_from_polar(r, theta, cx, cy):
"""Convert polar to Cartesian, adding center offset."""
x = r * np.cos(theta) + cx
y = r * np.sin(theta) + cy
return (x, y)
PRIMITIVES = {
# Arithmetic
'arr+': prim_arr_add,
'arr-': prim_arr_sub,
'arr*': prim_arr_mul,
'arr/': prim_arr_div,
'arr-mod': prim_arr_mod,
'arr-neg': prim_arr_neg,
# Math
'arr-sin': prim_arr_sin,
'arr-cos': prim_arr_cos,
'arr-tan': prim_arr_tan,
'arr-sqrt': prim_arr_sqrt,
'arr-pow': prim_arr_pow,
'arr-abs': prim_arr_abs,
'arr-exp': prim_arr_exp,
'arr-log': prim_arr_log,
'arr-atan2': prim_arr_atan2,
# Selection
'arr-min': prim_arr_min,
'arr-max': prim_arr_max,
'arr-clip': prim_arr_clip,
'arr-where': prim_arr_where,
'arr-floor': prim_arr_floor,
'arr-ceil': prim_arr_ceil,
'arr-round': prim_arr_round,
# Interpolation
'arr-lerp': prim_arr_lerp,
'arr-smoothstep': prim_arr_smoothstep,
# Creation
'arr-zeros': prim_arr_zeros,
'arr-ones': prim_arr_ones,
'arr-full': prim_arr_full,
'arr-arange': prim_arr_arange,
'arr-linspace': prim_arr_linspace,
'arr-meshgrid': prim_arr_meshgrid,
# Coordinates
'polar-from-center': prim_polar_from_center,
'cart-from-polar': prim_cart_from_polar,
}

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"""
ASCII Art Primitives Library
ASCII art rendering with per-zone expression evaluation and cell effects.
"""
import numpy as np
import cv2
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont
from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Callable
import colorsys
# Character sets
CHAR_SETS = {
"standard": " .:-=+*#%@",
"blocks": " ░▒▓█",
"simple": " .:oO@",
"digits": "0123456789",
"binary": "01",
"ascii": " `.-':_,^=;><+!rc*/z?sLTv)J7(|Fi{C}fI31tlu[neoZ5Yxjya]2ESwqkP6h9d4VpOGbUAKXHm8RD#$Bg0MNWQ%&@",
}
# Default font
_default_font = None
def _get_font(size: int):
"""Get monospace font at given size."""
global _default_font
try:
return ImageFont.truetype("/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuSansMono.ttf", size)
except:
return ImageFont.load_default()
def _parse_color(color_str: str) -> tuple:
"""Parse color string to RGB tuple."""
if color_str.startswith('#'):
hex_color = color_str[1:]
if len(hex_color) == 3:
hex_color = ''.join(c*2 for c in hex_color)
return tuple(int(hex_color[i:i+2], 16) for i in (0, 2, 4))
colors = {
'black': (0, 0, 0), 'white': (255, 255, 255),
'red': (255, 0, 0), 'green': (0, 255, 0), 'blue': (0, 0, 255),
'yellow': (255, 255, 0), 'cyan': (0, 255, 255), 'magenta': (255, 0, 255),
'gray': (128, 128, 128), 'grey': (128, 128, 128),
}
return colors.get(color_str.lower(), (0, 0, 0))
def _cell_sample(frame: np.ndarray, cell_size: int):
"""Sample frame into cells, returning colors and luminances."""
h, w = frame.shape[:2]
rows = h // cell_size
cols = w // cell_size
colors = np.zeros((rows, cols, 3), dtype=np.uint8)
luminances = np.zeros((rows, cols), dtype=np.float32)
for r in range(rows):
for c in range(cols):
y1, y2 = r * cell_size, (r + 1) * cell_size
x1, x2 = c * cell_size, (c + 1) * cell_size
cell = frame[y1:y2, x1:x2]
avg_color = np.mean(cell, axis=(0, 1))
colors[r, c] = avg_color.astype(np.uint8)
luminances[r, c] = (0.299 * avg_color[0] + 0.587 * avg_color[1] + 0.114 * avg_color[2]) / 255
return colors, luminances
def _luminance_to_char(lum: float, alphabet: str, contrast: float) -> str:
"""Map luminance to character."""
chars = CHAR_SETS.get(alphabet, alphabet)
lum = ((lum - 0.5) * contrast + 0.5)
lum = max(0, min(1, lum))
idx = int(lum * (len(chars) - 1))
return chars[idx]
def _render_char_cell(char: str, cell_size: int, color: tuple, bg_color: tuple) -> np.ndarray:
"""Render a single character to a cell image."""
img = Image.new('RGB', (cell_size, cell_size), bg_color)
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img)
font = _get_font(cell_size)
# Center the character
bbox = draw.textbbox((0, 0), char, font=font)
text_w = bbox[2] - bbox[0]
text_h = bbox[3] - bbox[1]
x = (cell_size - text_w) // 2
y = (cell_size - text_h) // 2 - bbox[1]
draw.text((x, y), char, fill=color, font=font)
return np.array(img)
def prim_ascii_fx_zone(
frame: np.ndarray,
cols: int = 80,
char_size: int = None,
alphabet: str = "standard",
color_mode: str = "color",
background: str = "black",
contrast: float = 1.5,
char_hue = None,
char_saturation = None,
char_brightness = None,
char_scale = None,
char_rotation = None,
char_jitter = None,
cell_effect = None,
energy: float = None,
rotation_scale: float = 0,
_interp = None,
_env = None,
**extra_params
) -> np.ndarray:
"""
Render frame as ASCII art with per-zone effects.
Args:
frame: Input image
cols: Number of character columns
char_size: Cell size in pixels (overrides cols if set)
alphabet: Character set name or custom string
color_mode: "color", "mono", "invert", or color name
background: Background color name or hex
contrast: Contrast for character selection
char_hue/saturation/brightness/scale/rotation/jitter: Per-zone expressions
cell_effect: Lambda (cell, zone) -> cell for per-cell effects
energy: Energy value from audio analysis
rotation_scale: Max rotation degrees
_interp: Interpreter (auto-injected)
_env: Environment (auto-injected)
**extra_params: Additional params passed to zone dict
"""
h, w = frame.shape[:2]
# Calculate cell size
if char_size is None or char_size == 0:
cell_size = max(4, w // cols)
else:
cell_size = max(4, int(char_size))
# Sample cells
colors, luminances = _cell_sample(frame, cell_size)
rows, cols_actual = luminances.shape
# Parse background color
bg_color = _parse_color(background)
# Create output image
out_h = rows * cell_size
out_w = cols_actual * cell_size
output = np.full((out_h, out_w, 3), bg_color, dtype=np.uint8)
# Check if we have cell_effect
has_cell_effect = cell_effect is not None
# Process each cell
for r in range(rows):
for c in range(cols_actual):
lum = luminances[r, c]
cell_color = tuple(colors[r, c])
# Build zone context
zone = {
'row': r,
'col': c,
'row-norm': r / max(1, rows - 1),
'col-norm': c / max(1, cols_actual - 1),
'lum': float(lum),
'r': cell_color[0] / 255,
'g': cell_color[1] / 255,
'b': cell_color[2] / 255,
'cell_size': cell_size,
}
# Add HSV
r_f, g_f, b_f = cell_color[0]/255, cell_color[1]/255, cell_color[2]/255
hsv = colorsys.rgb_to_hsv(r_f, g_f, b_f)
zone['hue'] = hsv[0] * 360
zone['sat'] = hsv[1]
# Add energy and rotation_scale
if energy is not None:
zone['energy'] = energy
zone['rotation_scale'] = rotation_scale
# Add extra params
for k, v in extra_params.items():
if isinstance(v, (int, float, str, bool)) or v is None:
zone[k] = v
# Get character
char = _luminance_to_char(lum, alphabet, contrast)
zone['char'] = char
# Determine cell color based on mode
if color_mode == "mono":
render_color = (255, 255, 255)
elif color_mode == "invert":
render_color = tuple(255 - c for c in cell_color)
elif color_mode == "color":
render_color = cell_color
else:
render_color = _parse_color(color_mode)
zone['color'] = render_color
# Render character to cell
cell_img = _render_char_cell(char, cell_size, render_color, bg_color)
# Apply cell_effect if provided
if has_cell_effect and _interp is not None:
cell_img = _apply_cell_effect(cell_img, zone, cell_effect, _interp, _env, extra_params)
# Paste cell to output
y1, y2 = r * cell_size, (r + 1) * cell_size
x1, x2 = c * cell_size, (c + 1) * cell_size
output[y1:y2, x1:x2] = cell_img
# Resize to match input dimensions
if output.shape[:2] != frame.shape[:2]:
output = cv2.resize(output, (w, h), interpolation=cv2.INTER_LINEAR)
return output
def _apply_cell_effect(cell_img, zone, cell_effect, interp, env, extra_params):
"""Apply cell_effect lambda to a cell image.
cell_effect is a Lambda object with params and body.
We create a child environment with zone variables and cell,
then evaluate the lambda body.
"""
# Get Environment class from the interpreter's module
Environment = type(env)
# Create child environment with zone variables
cell_env = Environment(env)
# Bind zone variables
for k, v in zone.items():
cell_env.set(k, v)
# Also bind with zone- prefix for consistency
cell_env.set('zone-row', zone.get('row', 0))
cell_env.set('zone-col', zone.get('col', 0))
cell_env.set('zone-row-norm', zone.get('row-norm', 0))
cell_env.set('zone-col-norm', zone.get('col-norm', 0))
cell_env.set('zone-lum', zone.get('lum', 0))
cell_env.set('zone-sat', zone.get('sat', 0))
cell_env.set('zone-hue', zone.get('hue', 0))
cell_env.set('zone-r', zone.get('r', 0))
cell_env.set('zone-g', zone.get('g', 0))
cell_env.set('zone-b', zone.get('b', 0))
# Inject loaded effects as callable functions
if hasattr(interp, 'effects'):
# Debug: print what effects are available on first cell
if zone.get('row', 0) == 0 and zone.get('col', 0) == 0:
import sys
print(f"DEBUG: Available effects in interp: {list(interp.effects.keys())}", file=sys.stderr)
for effect_name in interp.effects:
def make_effect_fn(name):
def effect_fn(frame, *args):
params = {}
if name == 'blur' and len(args) >= 1:
params['radius'] = args[0]
elif name == 'rotate' and len(args) >= 1:
params['angle'] = args[0]
elif name == 'brightness' and len(args) >= 1:
params['amount'] = args[0]
elif name == 'contrast' and len(args) >= 1:
params['amount'] = args[0]
elif name == 'saturation' and len(args) >= 1:
params['amount'] = args[0]
elif name == 'hue_shift' and len(args) >= 1:
params['degrees'] = args[0]
elif name == 'rgb_split' and len(args) >= 2:
params['offset_x'] = args[0]
params['offset_y'] = args[1]
elif name == 'pixelate' and len(args) >= 1:
params['size'] = args[0]
elif name == 'invert':
pass
result, _ = interp.run_effect(name, frame, params, {})
return result
return effect_fn
cell_env.set(effect_name, make_effect_fn(effect_name))
# Debug: verify bindings
if zone.get('row', 0) == 0 and zone.get('col', 0) == 0:
import sys
print(f"DEBUG: cell_env bindings: {list(cell_env.bindings.keys())}", file=sys.stderr)
print(f"DEBUG: 'rotate' in cell_env.bindings: {'rotate' in cell_env.bindings}", file=sys.stderr)
print(f"DEBUG: cell_env.has('rotate'): {cell_env.has('rotate')}", file=sys.stderr)
# Check Symbol class identity
print(f"DEBUG: cell_effect.body = {cell_effect.body}", file=sys.stderr)
if hasattr(cell_effect, 'body') and isinstance(cell_effect.body, list) and cell_effect.body:
head = cell_effect.body[0]
print(f"DEBUG: head = {head}, type = {type(head)}, module = {type(head).__module__}", file=sys.stderr)
# Bind cell image and zone dict
cell_env.set('cell', cell_img)
cell_env.set('zone', zone)
# Evaluate the cell_effect lambda
# Lambda has params and body - we need to bind the params then evaluate
if hasattr(cell_effect, 'params') and hasattr(cell_effect, 'body'):
# Bind lambda parameters: (lambda [cell zone] body)
if len(cell_effect.params) >= 1:
cell_env.set(cell_effect.params[0], cell_img)
if len(cell_effect.params) >= 2:
cell_env.set(cell_effect.params[1], zone)
result = interp.eval(cell_effect.body, cell_env)
else:
# Fallback: it might be a callable
result = cell_effect(cell_img, zone)
if isinstance(result, np.ndarray) and result.shape == cell_img.shape:
return result
elif isinstance(result, np.ndarray):
# Shape mismatch - resize to fit
result = cv2.resize(result, (cell_img.shape[1], cell_img.shape[0]))
return result
raise ValueError(f"cell_effect must return an image array, got {type(result)}")
PRIMITIVES = {
'ascii-fx-zone': prim_ascii_fx_zone,
}

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"""
Blending Primitives Library
Image blending and compositing operations.
"""
import numpy as np
def prim_blend_images(a, b, alpha):
"""Blend two images: a * (1-alpha) + b * alpha."""
alpha = max(0.0, min(1.0, alpha))
return (a.astype(float) * (1 - alpha) + b.astype(float) * alpha).astype(np.uint8)
def prim_blend_mode(a, b, mode):
"""Blend using Photoshop-style blend modes."""
a = a.astype(float) / 255
b = b.astype(float) / 255
if mode == "multiply":
result = a * b
elif mode == "screen":
result = 1 - (1 - a) * (1 - b)
elif mode == "overlay":
mask = a < 0.5
result = np.where(mask, 2 * a * b, 1 - 2 * (1 - a) * (1 - b))
elif mode == "soft-light":
mask = b < 0.5
result = np.where(mask,
a - (1 - 2 * b) * a * (1 - a),
a + (2 * b - 1) * (np.sqrt(a) - a))
elif mode == "hard-light":
mask = b < 0.5
result = np.where(mask, 2 * a * b, 1 - 2 * (1 - a) * (1 - b))
elif mode == "color-dodge":
result = np.clip(a / (1 - b + 0.001), 0, 1)
elif mode == "color-burn":
result = 1 - np.clip((1 - a) / (b + 0.001), 0, 1)
elif mode == "difference":
result = np.abs(a - b)
elif mode == "exclusion":
result = a + b - 2 * a * b
elif mode == "add":
result = np.clip(a + b, 0, 1)
elif mode == "subtract":
result = np.clip(a - b, 0, 1)
elif mode == "darken":
result = np.minimum(a, b)
elif mode == "lighten":
result = np.maximum(a, b)
else:
# Default to normal (just return b)
result = b
return (result * 255).astype(np.uint8)
def prim_mask(img, mask_img):
"""Apply grayscale mask to image (white=opaque, black=transparent)."""
if len(mask_img.shape) == 3:
mask = mask_img[:, :, 0].astype(float) / 255
else:
mask = mask_img.astype(float) / 255
mask = mask[:, :, np.newaxis]
return (img.astype(float) * mask).astype(np.uint8)
def prim_alpha_composite(base, overlay, alpha_channel):
"""Composite overlay onto base using alpha channel."""
if len(alpha_channel.shape) == 3:
alpha = alpha_channel[:, :, 0].astype(float) / 255
else:
alpha = alpha_channel.astype(float) / 255
alpha = alpha[:, :, np.newaxis]
result = base.astype(float) * (1 - alpha) + overlay.astype(float) * alpha
return result.astype(np.uint8)
def prim_overlay(base, overlay, x, y, alpha=1.0):
"""Overlay image at position (x, y) with optional alpha."""
result = base.copy()
x, y = int(x), int(y)
oh, ow = overlay.shape[:2]
bh, bw = base.shape[:2]
# Clip to bounds
sx1 = max(0, -x)
sy1 = max(0, -y)
dx1 = max(0, x)
dy1 = max(0, y)
sx2 = min(ow, bw - x)
sy2 = min(oh, bh - y)
if sx2 > sx1 and sy2 > sy1:
src = overlay[sy1:sy2, sx1:sx2]
dst = result[dy1:dy1+(sy2-sy1), dx1:dx1+(sx2-sx1)]
blended = (dst.astype(float) * (1 - alpha) + src.astype(float) * alpha)
result[dy1:dy1+(sy2-sy1), dx1:dx1+(sx2-sx1)] = blended.astype(np.uint8)
return result
PRIMITIVES = {
# Basic blending
'blend-images': prim_blend_images,
'blend-mode': prim_blend_mode,
# Masking
'mask': prim_mask,
'alpha-composite': prim_alpha_composite,
# Overlay
'overlay': prim_overlay,
}

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"""
Color Primitives Library
Color manipulation: RGB, HSV, blending, luminance.
"""
import numpy as np
import colorsys
def prim_rgb(r, g, b):
"""Create RGB color as [r, g, b] (0-255)."""
return [int(max(0, min(255, r))),
int(max(0, min(255, g))),
int(max(0, min(255, b)))]
def prim_red(c):
return c[0]
def prim_green(c):
return c[1]
def prim_blue(c):
return c[2]
def prim_luminance(c):
"""Perceived luminance (0-1) using standard weights."""
return (0.299 * c[0] + 0.587 * c[1] + 0.114 * c[2]) / 255
def prim_rgb_to_hsv(c):
"""Convert RGB [0-255] to HSV [h:0-360, s:0-1, v:0-1]."""
r, g, b = c[0] / 255, c[1] / 255, c[2] / 255
h, s, v = colorsys.rgb_to_hsv(r, g, b)
return [h * 360, s, v]
def prim_hsv_to_rgb(hsv):
"""Convert HSV [h:0-360, s:0-1, v:0-1] to RGB [0-255]."""
h, s, v = hsv[0] / 360, hsv[1], hsv[2]
r, g, b = colorsys.hsv_to_rgb(h, s, v)
return [int(r * 255), int(g * 255), int(b * 255)]
def prim_rgb_to_hsl(c):
"""Convert RGB [0-255] to HSL [h:0-360, s:0-1, l:0-1]."""
r, g, b = c[0] / 255, c[1] / 255, c[2] / 255
h, l, s = colorsys.rgb_to_hls(r, g, b)
return [h * 360, s, l]
def prim_hsl_to_rgb(hsl):
"""Convert HSL [h:0-360, s:0-1, l:0-1] to RGB [0-255]."""
h, s, l = hsl[0] / 360, hsl[1], hsl[2]
r, g, b = colorsys.hls_to_rgb(h, l, s)
return [int(r * 255), int(g * 255), int(b * 255)]
def prim_blend_color(c1, c2, alpha):
"""Blend two colors: c1 * (1-alpha) + c2 * alpha."""
return [int(c1[i] * (1 - alpha) + c2[i] * alpha) for i in range(3)]
def prim_average_color(img):
"""Get average color of an image."""
mean = np.mean(img, axis=(0, 1))
return [int(mean[0]), int(mean[1]), int(mean[2])]
def prim_dominant_color(img, k=1):
"""Get dominant color using k-means (simplified: just average for now)."""
return prim_average_color(img)
def prim_invert_color(c):
"""Invert a color."""
return [255 - c[0], 255 - c[1], 255 - c[2]]
def prim_grayscale_color(c):
"""Convert color to grayscale."""
gray = int(0.299 * c[0] + 0.587 * c[1] + 0.114 * c[2])
return [gray, gray, gray]
def prim_saturate(c, amount):
"""Adjust saturation of color. amount=0 is grayscale, 1 is unchanged, >1 is more saturated."""
hsv = prim_rgb_to_hsv(c)
hsv[1] = max(0, min(1, hsv[1] * amount))
return prim_hsv_to_rgb(hsv)
def prim_brighten(c, amount):
"""Adjust brightness. amount=0 is black, 1 is unchanged, >1 is brighter."""
return [int(max(0, min(255, c[i] * amount))) for i in range(3)]
def prim_shift_hue(c, degrees):
"""Shift hue by degrees."""
hsv = prim_rgb_to_hsv(c)
hsv[0] = (hsv[0] + degrees) % 360
return prim_hsv_to_rgb(hsv)
PRIMITIVES = {
# Construction
'rgb': prim_rgb,
# Component access
'red': prim_red,
'green': prim_green,
'blue': prim_blue,
'luminance': prim_luminance,
# Color space conversion
'rgb->hsv': prim_rgb_to_hsv,
'hsv->rgb': prim_hsv_to_rgb,
'rgb->hsl': prim_rgb_to_hsl,
'hsl->rgb': prim_hsl_to_rgb,
# Blending
'blend-color': prim_blend_color,
# Analysis
'average-color': prim_average_color,
'dominant-color': prim_dominant_color,
# Manipulation
'invert-color': prim_invert_color,
'grayscale-color': prim_grayscale_color,
'saturate': prim_saturate,
'brighten': prim_brighten,
'shift-hue': prim_shift_hue,
}

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"""
Color Operations Primitives Library
Vectorized color adjustments: brightness, contrast, saturation, invert, HSV.
These operate on entire images for fast processing.
"""
import numpy as np
import cv2
def prim_adjust(img, brightness=0, contrast=1):
"""Adjust brightness and contrast. Brightness: -255 to 255, Contrast: 0 to 3+."""
result = (img.astype(np.float32) - 128) * contrast + 128 + brightness
return np.clip(result, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8)
def prim_mix_gray(img, amount):
"""Mix image with its grayscale version. 0=original, 1=grayscale."""
gray = 0.299 * img[:, :, 0] + 0.587 * img[:, :, 1] + 0.114 * img[:, :, 2]
gray_rgb = np.stack([gray, gray, gray], axis=-1)
result = img.astype(np.float32) * (1 - amount) + gray_rgb * amount
return np.clip(result, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8)
def prim_invert_img(img):
"""Invert all pixel values."""
return (255 - img).astype(np.uint8)
def prim_shift_hsv(img, h=0, s=1, v=1):
"""Shift HSV: h=degrees offset, s/v=multipliers."""
hsv = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_RGB2HSV).astype(np.float32)
hsv[:, :, 0] = (hsv[:, :, 0] + h / 2) % 180
hsv[:, :, 1] = np.clip(hsv[:, :, 1] * s, 0, 255)
hsv[:, :, 2] = np.clip(hsv[:, :, 2] * v, 0, 255)
return cv2.cvtColor(hsv.astype(np.uint8), cv2.COLOR_HSV2RGB)
def prim_add_noise(img, amount):
"""Add gaussian noise to image."""
noise = np.random.normal(0, amount, img.shape)
result = img.astype(np.float32) + noise
return np.clip(result, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8)
def prim_quantize(img, levels):
"""Reduce to N color levels per channel."""
levels = max(2, int(levels))
factor = 256 / levels
result = (img // factor) * factor + factor // 2
return np.clip(result, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8)
def prim_sepia(img, intensity=1.0):
"""Apply sepia tone effect."""
sepia_matrix = np.array([
[0.393, 0.769, 0.189],
[0.349, 0.686, 0.168],
[0.272, 0.534, 0.131]
])
sepia = np.dot(img, sepia_matrix.T)
result = img.astype(np.float32) * (1 - intensity) + sepia * intensity
return np.clip(result, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8)
def prim_grayscale(img):
"""Convert to grayscale (still RGB output)."""
gray = 0.299 * img[:, :, 0] + 0.587 * img[:, :, 1] + 0.114 * img[:, :, 2]
return np.stack([gray, gray, gray], axis=-1).astype(np.uint8)
PRIMITIVES = {
# Brightness/Contrast
'adjust': prim_adjust,
# Saturation
'mix-gray': prim_mix_gray,
'grayscale': prim_grayscale,
# HSV manipulation
'shift-hsv': prim_shift_hsv,
# Inversion
'invert-img': prim_invert_img,
# Effects
'add-noise': prim_add_noise,
'quantize': prim_quantize,
'sepia': prim_sepia,
}

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"""
Core Primitives - Always available, minimal essential set.
These are the primitives that form the foundation of the language.
They cannot be overridden by libraries.
"""
# Arithmetic
def prim_add(*args):
if len(args) == 0:
return 0
result = args[0]
for arg in args[1:]:
result = result + arg
return result
def prim_sub(a, b=None):
if b is None:
return -a
return a - b
def prim_mul(*args):
if len(args) == 0:
return 1
result = args[0]
for arg in args[1:]:
result = result * arg
return result
def prim_div(a, b):
return a / b
def prim_mod(a, b):
return a % b
# Comparison
def prim_lt(a, b):
return a < b
def prim_gt(a, b):
return a > b
def prim_le(a, b):
return a <= b
def prim_ge(a, b):
return a >= b
def prim_eq(a, b):
if isinstance(a, float) or isinstance(b, float):
return abs(a - b) < 1e-9
return a == b
def prim_ne(a, b):
return not prim_eq(a, b)
# Logic
def prim_not(x):
return not x
def prim_and(*args):
for a in args:
if not a:
return False
return True
def prim_or(*args):
for a in args:
if a:
return True
return False
# Basic data access
def prim_get(obj, key, default=None):
"""Get value from dict or list."""
if isinstance(obj, dict):
return obj.get(key, default)
elif isinstance(obj, (list, tuple)):
try:
return obj[int(key)]
except (IndexError, ValueError):
return default
return default
def prim_length(seq):
return len(seq)
def prim_list(*args):
return list(args)
# Type checking
def prim_is_number(x):
return isinstance(x, (int, float))
def prim_is_string(x):
return isinstance(x, str)
def prim_is_list(x):
return isinstance(x, (list, tuple))
def prim_is_dict(x):
return isinstance(x, dict)
def prim_is_nil(x):
return x is None
# Core primitives dict
PRIMITIVES = {
# Arithmetic
'+': prim_add,
'-': prim_sub,
'*': prim_mul,
'/': prim_div,
'mod': prim_mod,
# Comparison
'<': prim_lt,
'>': prim_gt,
'<=': prim_le,
'>=': prim_ge,
'=': prim_eq,
'!=': prim_ne,
# Logic
'not': prim_not,
'and': prim_and,
'or': prim_or,
# Data access
'get': prim_get,
'length': prim_length,
'len': prim_length,
'list': prim_list,
# Type predicates
'number?': prim_is_number,
'string?': prim_is_string,
'list?': prim_is_list,
'dict?': prim_is_dict,
'nil?': prim_is_nil,
}

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"""
Drawing Primitives Library
Draw shapes, text, and characters on images.
"""
import numpy as np
import cv2
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont
# Default font (will be loaded lazily)
_default_font = None
def _get_default_font(size=16):
"""Get default font, creating if needed."""
global _default_font
if _default_font is None or _default_font.size != size:
try:
_default_font = ImageFont.truetype("/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuSansMono.ttf", size)
except:
_default_font = ImageFont.load_default()
return _default_font
def prim_draw_char(img, char, x, y, font_size=16, color=None):
"""Draw a single character at (x, y)."""
if color is None:
color = [255, 255, 255]
pil_img = Image.fromarray(img)
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(pil_img)
font = _get_default_font(font_size)
draw.text((x, y), char, fill=tuple(color), font=font)
return np.array(pil_img)
def prim_draw_text(img, text, x, y, font_size=16, color=None):
"""Draw text string at (x, y)."""
if color is None:
color = [255, 255, 255]
pil_img = Image.fromarray(img)
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(pil_img)
font = _get_default_font(font_size)
draw.text((x, y), text, fill=tuple(color), font=font)
return np.array(pil_img)
def prim_fill_rect(img, x, y, w, h, color=None):
"""Fill a rectangle with color."""
if color is None:
color = [255, 255, 255]
result = img.copy()
x, y, w, h = int(x), int(y), int(w), int(h)
result[y:y+h, x:x+w] = color
return result
def prim_draw_rect(img, x, y, w, h, color=None, thickness=1):
"""Draw rectangle outline."""
if color is None:
color = [255, 255, 255]
result = img.copy()
cv2.rectangle(result, (int(x), int(y)), (int(x+w), int(y+h)),
tuple(color), thickness)
return result
def prim_draw_line(img, x1, y1, x2, y2, color=None, thickness=1):
"""Draw a line from (x1, y1) to (x2, y2)."""
if color is None:
color = [255, 255, 255]
result = img.copy()
cv2.line(result, (int(x1), int(y1)), (int(x2), int(y2)),
tuple(color), thickness)
return result
def prim_draw_circle(img, cx, cy, radius, color=None, thickness=1, fill=False):
"""Draw a circle."""
if color is None:
color = [255, 255, 255]
result = img.copy()
t = -1 if fill else thickness
cv2.circle(result, (int(cx), int(cy)), int(radius), tuple(color), t)
return result
def prim_draw_ellipse(img, cx, cy, rx, ry, angle=0, color=None, thickness=1, fill=False):
"""Draw an ellipse."""
if color is None:
color = [255, 255, 255]
result = img.copy()
t = -1 if fill else thickness
cv2.ellipse(result, (int(cx), int(cy)), (int(rx), int(ry)),
angle, 0, 360, tuple(color), t)
return result
def prim_draw_polygon(img, points, color=None, thickness=1, fill=False):
"""Draw a polygon from list of [x, y] points."""
if color is None:
color = [255, 255, 255]
result = img.copy()
pts = np.array(points, dtype=np.int32).reshape((-1, 1, 2))
if fill:
cv2.fillPoly(result, [pts], tuple(color))
else:
cv2.polylines(result, [pts], True, tuple(color), thickness)
return result
PRIMITIVES = {
# Text
'draw-char': prim_draw_char,
'draw-text': prim_draw_text,
# Rectangles
'fill-rect': prim_fill_rect,
'draw-rect': prim_draw_rect,
# Lines and shapes
'draw-line': prim_draw_line,
'draw-circle': prim_draw_circle,
'draw-ellipse': prim_draw_ellipse,
'draw-polygon': prim_draw_polygon,
}

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"""
Filters Primitives Library
Image filters: blur, sharpen, edges, convolution.
"""
import numpy as np
import cv2
def prim_blur(img, radius):
"""Gaussian blur with given radius."""
radius = max(1, int(radius))
ksize = radius * 2 + 1
return cv2.GaussianBlur(img, (ksize, ksize), 0)
def prim_box_blur(img, radius):
"""Box blur with given radius."""
radius = max(1, int(radius))
ksize = radius * 2 + 1
return cv2.blur(img, (ksize, ksize))
def prim_median_blur(img, radius):
"""Median blur (good for noise removal)."""
radius = max(1, int(radius))
ksize = radius * 2 + 1
return cv2.medianBlur(img, ksize)
def prim_bilateral(img, d=9, sigma_color=75, sigma_space=75):
"""Bilateral filter (edge-preserving blur)."""
return cv2.bilateralFilter(img, d, sigma_color, sigma_space)
def prim_sharpen(img, amount=1.0):
"""Sharpen image using unsharp mask."""
blurred = cv2.GaussianBlur(img, (0, 0), 3)
return cv2.addWeighted(img, 1.0 + amount, blurred, -amount, 0)
def prim_edges(img, low=50, high=150):
"""Canny edge detection."""
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_RGB2GRAY)
edges = cv2.Canny(gray, low, high)
return cv2.cvtColor(edges, cv2.COLOR_GRAY2RGB)
def prim_sobel(img, ksize=3):
"""Sobel edge detection."""
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_RGB2GRAY)
sobelx = cv2.Sobel(gray, cv2.CV_64F, 1, 0, ksize=ksize)
sobely = cv2.Sobel(gray, cv2.CV_64F, 0, 1, ksize=ksize)
mag = np.sqrt(sobelx**2 + sobely**2)
mag = np.clip(mag, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8)
return cv2.cvtColor(mag, cv2.COLOR_GRAY2RGB)
def prim_laplacian(img, ksize=3):
"""Laplacian edge detection."""
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_RGB2GRAY)
lap = cv2.Laplacian(gray, cv2.CV_64F, ksize=ksize)
lap = np.abs(lap)
lap = np.clip(lap, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8)
return cv2.cvtColor(lap, cv2.COLOR_GRAY2RGB)
def prim_emboss(img):
"""Emboss effect."""
kernel = np.array([[-2, -1, 0],
[-1, 1, 1],
[ 0, 1, 2]])
result = cv2.filter2D(img, -1, kernel)
return np.clip(result + 128, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8)
def prim_dilate(img, size=1):
"""Morphological dilation."""
kernel = np.ones((size * 2 + 1, size * 2 + 1), np.uint8)
return cv2.dilate(img, kernel)
def prim_erode(img, size=1):
"""Morphological erosion."""
kernel = np.ones((size * 2 + 1, size * 2 + 1), np.uint8)
return cv2.erode(img, kernel)
def prim_convolve(img, kernel):
"""Apply custom convolution kernel."""
kernel = np.array(kernel, dtype=np.float32)
return cv2.filter2D(img, -1, kernel)
PRIMITIVES = {
# Blur
'blur': prim_blur,
'box-blur': prim_box_blur,
'median-blur': prim_median_blur,
'bilateral': prim_bilateral,
# Sharpen
'sharpen': prim_sharpen,
# Edges
'edges': prim_edges,
'sobel': prim_sobel,
'laplacian': prim_laplacian,
# Effects
'emboss': prim_emboss,
# Morphology
'dilate': prim_dilate,
'erode': prim_erode,
# Custom
'convolve': prim_convolve,
}

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"""
Geometry Primitives Library
Geometric transforms: rotate, scale, flip, translate, remap.
"""
import numpy as np
import cv2
def prim_translate(img, dx, dy):
"""Translate image by (dx, dy) pixels."""
h, w = img.shape[:2]
M = np.float32([[1, 0, dx], [0, 1, dy]])
return cv2.warpAffine(img, M, (w, h))
def prim_rotate(img, angle, cx=None, cy=None):
"""Rotate image by angle degrees around center (cx, cy)."""
h, w = img.shape[:2]
if cx is None:
cx = w / 2
if cy is None:
cy = h / 2
M = cv2.getRotationMatrix2D((cx, cy), angle, 1.0)
return cv2.warpAffine(img, M, (w, h))
def prim_scale(img, sx, sy, cx=None, cy=None):
"""Scale image by (sx, sy) around center (cx, cy)."""
h, w = img.shape[:2]
if cx is None:
cx = w / 2
if cy is None:
cy = h / 2
# Build transform matrix
M = np.float32([
[sx, 0, cx * (1 - sx)],
[0, sy, cy * (1 - sy)]
])
return cv2.warpAffine(img, M, (w, h))
def prim_flip_h(img):
"""Flip image horizontally."""
return cv2.flip(img, 1)
def prim_flip_v(img):
"""Flip image vertically."""
return cv2.flip(img, 0)
def prim_flip(img, direction="horizontal"):
"""Flip image in given direction."""
if direction in ("horizontal", "h"):
return prim_flip_h(img)
elif direction in ("vertical", "v"):
return prim_flip_v(img)
elif direction in ("both", "hv", "vh"):
return cv2.flip(img, -1)
return img
def prim_transpose(img):
"""Transpose image (swap x and y)."""
return np.transpose(img, (1, 0, 2))
def prim_remap(img, map_x, map_y):
"""Remap image using coordinate maps."""
return cv2.remap(img, map_x.astype(np.float32),
map_y.astype(np.float32),
cv2.INTER_LINEAR)
def prim_make_coords(w, h):
"""Create coordinate grids for remapping."""
x = np.arange(w, dtype=np.float32)
y = np.arange(h, dtype=np.float32)
map_x, map_y = np.meshgrid(x, y)
return (map_x, map_y)
def prim_perspective(img, src_pts, dst_pts):
"""Apply perspective transform."""
src = np.float32(src_pts)
dst = np.float32(dst_pts)
M = cv2.getPerspectiveTransform(src, dst)
h, w = img.shape[:2]
return cv2.warpPerspective(img, M, (w, h))
def prim_affine(img, src_pts, dst_pts):
"""Apply affine transform using 3 point pairs."""
src = np.float32(src_pts)
dst = np.float32(dst_pts)
M = cv2.getAffineTransform(src, dst)
h, w = img.shape[:2]
return cv2.warpAffine(img, M, (w, h))
PRIMITIVES = {
# Basic transforms
'translate': prim_translate,
'rotate-img': prim_rotate,
'scale-img': prim_scale,
# Flips
'flip-h': prim_flip_h,
'flip-v': prim_flip_v,
'flip': prim_flip,
'transpose': prim_transpose,
# Remapping
'remap': prim_remap,
'make-coords': prim_make_coords,
# Advanced transforms
'perspective': prim_perspective,
'affine': prim_affine,
}

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"""
Image Primitives Library
Basic image operations: dimensions, pixels, resize, crop, paste.
"""
import numpy as np
import cv2
def prim_width(img):
return img.shape[1]
def prim_height(img):
return img.shape[0]
def prim_make_image(w, h, color=None):
"""Create a new image filled with color (default black)."""
if color is None:
color = [0, 0, 0]
img = np.zeros((h, w, 3), dtype=np.uint8)
img[:] = color
return img
def prim_copy(img):
return img.copy()
def prim_pixel(img, x, y):
"""Get pixel color at (x, y) as [r, g, b]."""
h, w = img.shape[:2]
if 0 <= x < w and 0 <= y < h:
return list(img[int(y), int(x)])
return [0, 0, 0]
def prim_set_pixel(img, x, y, color):
"""Set pixel at (x, y) to color, returns modified image."""
result = img.copy()
h, w = result.shape[:2]
if 0 <= x < w and 0 <= y < h:
result[int(y), int(x)] = color
return result
def prim_sample(img, x, y):
"""Bilinear sample at float coordinates, returns [r, g, b] as floats."""
h, w = img.shape[:2]
x = max(0, min(w - 1.001, x))
y = max(0, min(h - 1.001, y))
x0, y0 = int(x), int(y)
x1, y1 = min(x0 + 1, w - 1), min(y0 + 1, h - 1)
fx, fy = x - x0, y - y0
c00 = img[y0, x0].astype(float)
c10 = img[y0, x1].astype(float)
c01 = img[y1, x0].astype(float)
c11 = img[y1, x1].astype(float)
top = c00 * (1 - fx) + c10 * fx
bottom = c01 * (1 - fx) + c11 * fx
return list(top * (1 - fy) + bottom * fy)
def prim_channel(img, c):
"""Extract single channel (0=R, 1=G, 2=B)."""
return img[:, :, c]
def prim_merge_channels(r, g, b):
"""Merge three single-channel arrays into RGB image."""
return np.stack([r, g, b], axis=2).astype(np.uint8)
def prim_resize(img, w, h, mode="linear"):
"""Resize image to w x h."""
interp = cv2.INTER_LINEAR
if mode == "nearest":
interp = cv2.INTER_NEAREST
elif mode == "cubic":
interp = cv2.INTER_CUBIC
elif mode == "area":
interp = cv2.INTER_AREA
return cv2.resize(img, (int(w), int(h)), interpolation=interp)
def prim_crop(img, x, y, w, h):
"""Crop rectangle from image."""
x, y, w, h = int(x), int(y), int(w), int(h)
ih, iw = img.shape[:2]
x = max(0, min(x, iw - 1))
y = max(0, min(y, ih - 1))
w = min(w, iw - x)
h = min(h, ih - y)
return img[y:y+h, x:x+w].copy()
def prim_paste(dst, src, x, y):
"""Paste src onto dst at position (x, y)."""
result = dst.copy()
x, y = int(x), int(y)
sh, sw = src.shape[:2]
dh, dw = dst.shape[:2]
# Clip to bounds
sx1 = max(0, -x)
sy1 = max(0, -y)
dx1 = max(0, x)
dy1 = max(0, y)
sx2 = min(sw, dw - x)
sy2 = min(sh, dh - y)
if sx2 > sx1 and sy2 > sy1:
result[dy1:dy1+(sy2-sy1), dx1:dx1+(sx2-sx1)] = src[sy1:sy2, sx1:sx2]
return result
PRIMITIVES = {
# Dimensions
'width': prim_width,
'height': prim_height,
# Creation
'make-image': prim_make_image,
'copy': prim_copy,
# Pixel access
'pixel': prim_pixel,
'set-pixel': prim_set_pixel,
'sample': prim_sample,
# Channels
'channel': prim_channel,
'merge-channels': prim_merge_channels,
# Geometry
'resize': prim_resize,
'crop': prim_crop,
'paste': prim_paste,
}

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"""
Math Primitives Library
Trigonometry, rounding, clamping, random numbers, etc.
"""
import math
import random as rand_module
def prim_sin(x):
return math.sin(x)
def prim_cos(x):
return math.cos(x)
def prim_tan(x):
return math.tan(x)
def prim_asin(x):
return math.asin(x)
def prim_acos(x):
return math.acos(x)
def prim_atan(x):
return math.atan(x)
def prim_atan2(y, x):
return math.atan2(y, x)
def prim_sqrt(x):
return math.sqrt(x)
def prim_pow(x, y):
return math.pow(x, y)
def prim_exp(x):
return math.exp(x)
def prim_log(x, base=None):
if base is None:
return math.log(x)
return math.log(x, base)
def prim_abs(x):
return abs(x)
def prim_floor(x):
return math.floor(x)
def prim_ceil(x):
return math.ceil(x)
def prim_round(x):
return round(x)
def prim_min(*args):
if len(args) == 1 and hasattr(args[0], '__iter__'):
return min(args[0])
return min(args)
def prim_max(*args):
if len(args) == 1 and hasattr(args[0], '__iter__'):
return max(args[0])
return max(args)
def prim_clamp(x, lo, hi):
return max(lo, min(hi, x))
def prim_lerp(a, b, t):
"""Linear interpolation: a + (b - a) * t"""
return a + (b - a) * t
def prim_smoothstep(edge0, edge1, x):
"""Smooth interpolation between 0 and 1."""
t = prim_clamp((x - edge0) / (edge1 - edge0), 0.0, 1.0)
return t * t * (3 - 2 * t)
def prim_random(lo=0.0, hi=1.0):
return rand_module.uniform(lo, hi)
def prim_randint(lo, hi):
return rand_module.randint(lo, hi)
def prim_gaussian(mean=0.0, std=1.0):
return rand_module.gauss(mean, std)
def prim_sign(x):
if x > 0:
return 1
elif x < 0:
return -1
return 0
def prim_fract(x):
"""Fractional part of x."""
return x - math.floor(x)
PRIMITIVES = {
# Trigonometry
'sin': prim_sin,
'cos': prim_cos,
'tan': prim_tan,
'asin': prim_asin,
'acos': prim_acos,
'atan': prim_atan,
'atan2': prim_atan2,
# Powers and roots
'sqrt': prim_sqrt,
'pow': prim_pow,
'exp': prim_exp,
'log': prim_log,
# Rounding
'abs': prim_abs,
'floor': prim_floor,
'ceil': prim_ceil,
'round': prim_round,
'sign': prim_sign,
'fract': prim_fract,
# Min/max/clamp
'min': prim_min,
'max': prim_max,
'clamp': prim_clamp,
'lerp': prim_lerp,
'smoothstep': prim_smoothstep,
# Random
'random': prim_random,
'randint': prim_randint,
'gaussian': prim_gaussian,
# Constants
'pi': math.pi,
'tau': math.tau,
'e': math.e,
}