Fix infinite recursion in VM JIT: restore sentinel pre-mark in vm_call
and pre-compile loop so recursive compiler functions don't trigger
unbounded compilation cascades. Runtime VM errors fall back to CEK;
compile errors surface visibly (not silently swallowed).
New: compile-quasiquote emits inline code instead of delegating to
qq-expand-runtime. Closure-captured variables merged into VM globals
so compiled closures resolve outer bindings via GLOBAL_GET.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
compile-quasiquote, compile-defcomp, compile-defmacro were hardcoding
CALL_PRIM for runtime functions (qq-expand-runtime, eval-defcomp,
eval-defmacro) that aren't in the primitives table. Changed to
GLOBAL_GET + CALL so the VM resolves them from env.bindings at runtime.
The compile-call function already checks (primitive? name) before
emitting CALL_PRIM — only the three special-case compilers were wrong.
Also: register scope-push!/pop! as primitives, add scope-peek/emit!
to OCaml transpiler name mapping, fix sx_runtime.ml scope wrappers
to route through prim_call "scope-push!" etc.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Replace continuation-based scope frames with hashtable stacks for all
scope operations. The CEK evaluator's scope/provide/context/emit!/emitted
now use scope-push!/pop!/peek/emit! primitives (registered in
sx_primitives table) instead of walking continuation frames.
This eliminates the two-world problem where the aser used hashtable
stacks (scope-push!/pop!) but eval-expr used continuation frames
(ScopeFrame/ScopeAccFrame). Now both paths share the same mechanism.
Benefits:
- scope/context works inside eval-expr calls (e.g. (str ... (context x)))
- O(1) scope lookup vs O(n) continuation walking
- Simpler — no ScopeFrame/ScopeAccFrame/ProvideFrame creation/dispatch
- VM-compiled code and CEK code both see the same scope state
Also registers scope-push!/pop!/peek/emit!/collect!/collected/
clear-collected! as real primitives (sx_primitives table) so the
transpiled evaluator can call them directly.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
- get primitive returns nil for type mismatches (list+string) instead
of raising — matches JS/Python behavior, fixes find-nav-match errors
- scope-peek, collect!, collected, clear-collected! registered as real
primitives in sx_primitives table (not just env bindings) so the CEK
step-sf-context can find them via get-primitive
- step-sf-context checks scope-peek hashtable BEFORE walking CEK
continuation — bridges aser's scope-push!/pop! with CEK's context
- context, emit!, emitted added to SPECIAL_FORM_NAMES and handled in
aser-special (scope operations in aser rendering mode)
- sx-context NativeFn for VM-compiled code paths
- VM execution errors no longer mark functions as permanently failed —
bytecode is correct, errors are from runtime data
- kbd, samp, var added to HTML_TAGS + sx-browser.js rebuilt
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
The SX compiler's own functions (compile, compile-expr, compile-lambda,
etc.) are now JIT-compiled during vm-compile-adapter before any page
renders. This means all subsequent JIT compilations run the compiler
on the VM instead of CEK — aser compilation drops from 1.0s to 0.2s.
15 compiler functions pre-compiled in ~15s at startup. The compile-lambda
function is the largest (6.4s to compile). First page render aser=0.2s
(was 1.0s). Cached pages unchanged at 0.25-0.3s.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Replace AOT adapter compilation with lazy JIT — each named lambda is
compiled to VM bytecode on first call, cached in l_compiled field for
subsequent calls. Compilation failures fall back to CEK gracefully.
VM types (vm_code, vm_upvalue_cell, vm_closure) moved to sx_types.ml
mutual recursion block. Lambda and Component records gain mutable
l_compiled/c_compiled cache fields. jit_compile_lambda in sx_vm.ml
wraps body as (fn (params) body), invokes spec/compiler.sx via CEK,
extracts inner closure from OP_CLOSURE constant.
JIT hooks in both paths:
- vm_call: Lambda calls from compiled VM code
- continue_with_call: Lambda calls from CEK step loop (injected by
bootstrap.py post-processing)
Pre-mark sentinel prevents re-entrancy (compile function itself was
hanging when JIT'd mid-compilation). VM execution errors caught and
fall back to CEK with sentinel marking.
Also: add kbd/samp/var to HTML_TAGS, rebuild sx-browser.js, add page
URL to sx-page-full-py timing log.
Performance: first page 28s (JIT compiles 17 functions), subsequent
pages 0.31s home / 0.71s wittgenstein (was 2.3s). All 1945 tests pass.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Aser serialization: aser-call/fragment now return SxExpr instead of String.
serialize/inspect passes SxExpr through unquoted, preventing the double-
escaping (\" → \\\" ) that broke client-side parsing when aser wire format
was output via raw! into <script> tags. Added make-sx-expr + sx-expr-source
primitives to OCaml and JS hosts.
Binary blob protocol: eval, aser, aser-slot, and sx-page-full now send SX
source as length-prefixed blobs instead of escaped strings. Eliminates pipe
desync from concurrent requests and removes all string-escape round-trips
between Python and OCaml.
Bridge safety: re-entrancy guard (_in_io_handler) raises immediately if an
IO handler tries to call the bridge, preventing silent deadlocks.
Fetch error logging: orchestration.sx error callback now logs method + URL
via log-warn. Platform catches (fetchAndRestore, fetchPreload, bindBoostForm)
also log errors instead of silently swallowing them.
Transpiler fixes: makeEnv, scopePeek, scopeEmit, makeSxExpr added as
platform function definitions + transpiler mappings — were referenced in
transpiled code but never defined as JS functions.
Playwright test infrastructure:
- nav() captures JS errors and fails fast with the actual error message
- Checks for [object Object] rendering artifacts
- New tests: delete-row interaction, full page refresh, back button,
direct load with fresh context, code block content verification
- Default base URL changed to localhost:8013 (standalone dev server)
- docker-compose.dev-sx.yml: port 8013 exposed for local testing
- test-sx-build.sh: build + unit tests + Playwright smoke tests
Geography content: index page component written (sx/sx/geography/index.sx)
describing OCaml evaluator, wire formats, rendering pipeline, and topic
links. Wiring blocked by aser-expand-component children passing issue.
Tests: 1080/1080 JS, 952/952 OCaml, 66/66 Playwright
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Replace newline-delimited text protocol with length-prefixed blobs
for all response data (send_ok_string, send_ok_raw). The OCaml side
sends (ok-len N)\n followed by exactly N raw bytes + \n. Python reads
the length, then readexactly(N).
This eliminates all pipe desync issues:
- No escaping needed for any content (HTML, SX with newlines, quotes)
- No size limits (1MB+ responses work cleanly)
- No multi-line response splitting
- No double-escaping bugs
The old (ok "...") and (ok-raw ...) formats are still parsed as
fallbacks for backward compatibility.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
- send_ok_raw: when SX wire format contains newlines (string literals),
fall back to (ok "...escaped...") instead of (ok-raw ...) to keep
the pipe single-line. Prevents multi-line responses from desyncing
subsequent requests.
- expand-components? flag set in kernel env (not just VM adapter globals)
so aser-list's env-has? check finds it during component expansion.
- SX_STANDALONE: restore no_oauth but generate CSRF via session cookie
so mutation handlers (DELETE etc.) still work without account service.
- Shell statics injection: only inject small values (hashes, URLs) as
kernel vars. Large blobs (CSS, component_defs) use placeholder tokens.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Compiler fixes:
- Upvalue re-lookup returns own position (uv-index), not parent slot
- Spec: cek-call uses (make-env) not (dict) — OCaml Dict≠Env
- Bootstrap post-processes transpiler Dict→Env for cek_call
VM runtime fixes:
- compile_adapter evaluates constant defines (SPECIAL_FORM_NAMES etc.)
via execute_module instead of wrapping as NativeFn closures
- Native primitives: map-indexed, some, every?
- Nil-safe HO forms: map/filter/for-each/some/every? accept nil as empty
- expand-components? set in kernel env (not just VM globals)
- unwrap_env diagnostic: reports actual type received
sx-page-full command:
- Single OCaml call: aser-slot body + render-to-html shell
- Eliminates two pipe round-trips (was: aser-slot→Python→shell render)
- Shell statics (component_defs, CSS, pages_sx) cached in Python,
injected into kernel once, referenced by symbol in per-request command
- Large blobs use placeholder tokens — Python splices post-render,
pipe transfers ~51KB instead of 2MB
Performance (warm):
- Server total: 0.55s (was ~2s)
- aser-slot VM: 0.3s, shell render: 0.01s, pipe: 0.06s
- kwargs computation: 0.000s (cached)
SX_STANDALONE mode for sx_docs dev (skips fragment fetches).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
aser-slot now routes through the VM when adapter is compiled:
- compile_adapter: compiles each define body, extracts inner code
from OP_CLOSURE wrapper, stores as NativeFn in separate globals
- vm_adapter_globals: isolated from kernel env (no cross-contamination)
- aser-slot checks vm_adapter_globals, calls VM aser directly
Status: 2/12 adapter functions compile and run on VM. 6 fail during
OCaml-side compilation with "index out of bounds" — likely from
set-nth! silent failure on ListRef during bytecode jump patching.
Debug output shows outer code structure is correct (4 bytes, 1 const).
Inner code_from_value conversion needs fixing for nested closures.
Also: vm-compile-adapter command inside _ensure_components lock
(fixes pipe desync from concurrent requests).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
All VM tests green: closures with shared mutable upvalues, map/filter/
for-each via CALL_PRIM, recursive functions, nested closures.
Auto-compile disabled: replacing individual Lambdas with NativeFn VM
wrappers changes how the CEK dispatches calls, causing scope errors
when mixed CEK+VM execution hits aser-expand-component. The fix is
compiling the ENTIRE aser render path to run on the VM — no mixing.
The VM infrastructure is complete and tested. Next step: compile
adapter-sx.sx as a whole module, run the aser on the VM.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Added vm-compile command: iterates env, compiles lambdas to bytecode,
replaces with NativeFn VM wrappers (with CEK fallback on error).
Tested: 3/109 compile, reduces CEK steps 23%.
Disabled auto-compile in production — the compiler doesn't handle
closures with upvalues yet, and compiled functions that reference
dynamic env vars crash. Infrastructure stays for when compiler
handles all SX features.
Also: added set-nth! and mutable-list primitives (needed by
compiler.sx for bytecode patching). Fixed compiler.sx to use
mutable lists on OCaml (ListRef for append!/set-nth! mutation).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
After loading .sx files, (vm-compile) iterates all named lambdas,
compiles each body to bytecode, replaces with NativeFn VM wrapper.
Results: 3/109 functions compiled (compiler needs more features).
CEK steps: 49911 → 38083 (23% fewer) for home page.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
End-to-end pipeline working:
Python compiler.sx → bytecode → OCaml VM → result
Verified: (+ (* 3 4) 2) → 14 ✓
(+ 0 1 2 ... 49) → 1225 ✓
Benchmark (500 iterations, 50 additions each):
CEK machine: 327ms
Bytecode VM: 145ms
Speedup: 2.2x
VM handles: constants, local variables, global variables,
primitive calls, jumps, conditionals, closures (via NativeFn
wrapper), define, return.
Protocol: (vm-exec {:bytecode (...) :constants (...)})
- Compiler outputs clean format (no internal index dict)
- VM converts bytecode list to int array, constants to value array
- Stack-based execution with direct opcode dispatch
The 2.2x speedup is for pure arithmetic. For aser (the real
target), the speedup will be larger because aser involves:
- String building (no CEK frame allocation in VM)
- Map/filter iterations (no frame-per-iteration in VM)
- Closure calls (no thunk/trampoline in VM)
Next: compile and run the aser adapter on the VM.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Transpiler (transpiler.sx): detects CEK state dict literals (5 fields:
control/env/kont/phase/value) and emits CekState OCaml record instead
of Dict(Hashtbl). Eliminates 200K Hashtbl allocations per page.
Bootstrapper: skip stdlib.sx (functions already registered as OCaml
primitives). Only transpile evaluator.sx.
Runtime: get_val handles CekState with direct field access. type_of
returns "dict" for CekState (backward compat).
Profiling results (root cause of slowness):
Pure eval: OCaml 1.6x FASTER than Python (expected)
Aser: OCaml 28x SLOWER than Python (unexpected!)
Root cause: Python has a native optimized aser. OCaml runs the SX
adapter-sx.sx through the CEK machine — each aserCall is ~50 CEK
steps with closures, scope operations, string building.
Fix needed: native OCaml aser (like Python's), not SX adapter
through CEK machine.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Eliminated double-aser for HTMX requests: build OOB wrapper AST
(~shared:layout/oob-sx :content wrapped_ast) and aser_slot in ONE
pass — same pattern as the full-page path. Halves aser_slot calls.
Added kernel-side timing to stderr:
[aser-slot] eval=3.6s io_flush=0.0s batched=3 result=22235 chars
Results show batch IO works (io_flush=0.0s for 3 highlight calls)
and the bottleneck is pure CEK evaluation time, not IO.
Performance after single-pass fix:
Home: 0.7s eval (was 2.2s total)
Reactive: 3.6s eval (was 6.8s total)
Language: 1.1s eval (was 18.9s total — double-aser eliminated)
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
OCaml kernel (sx_server.ml):
- Batch IO mode for aser-slot: batchable helpers (highlight,
component-source) return placeholders during evaluation instead
of blocking on stdin. After aser completes, all batched requests
are flushed to Python at once.
- Python processes them concurrently with asyncio.gather.
- Placeholders (using «IO:N» markers) are replaced with actual
values in the result string.
- Non-batchable IO (query, action, ctx, request-arg) still uses
blocking mode — their results drive control flow.
Python bridge (ocaml_bridge.py):
- _read_until_ok handles batched protocol: collects io-request
lines with numeric IDs, processes on (io-done N) with gather.
- IO result cache for pure helpers — eliminates redundant calls.
- _handle_io_request strips batch ID from request format.
Component caching (jinja_bridge.py):
- Hash computed from FULL component env (all names + bodies),
not per-page subset. Stable across all pages — browser caches
once, no re-download on navigation between pages.
- invalidate_component_hash() called on hot-reload.
Tests: 15/15 OCaml helper tests pass (2 new batch IO tests).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
spec-introspect.sx: pure SX functions that read, parse, and analyze
spec files. No Python. The spec IS data — a macro transforms it into
explorer UI components.
- spec-explore: reads spec file via IO, parses with sx-parse, extracts
sections/defines/effects/params, produces explorer data dict
- spec-form-name/kind/effects/params/source: individual extractors
- spec-group-sections: groups defines into sections
- spec-compute-stats: aggregate effect/define counts
OCaml kernel fixes:
- nth handles strings (character indexing for parser)
- ident-start?, ident-char?, char-numeric?, parse-number: platform
primitives needed by spec/parser.sx when loaded at runtime
- _find_spec_file: searches spec/, web/, shared/sx/ref/ for spec files
83/84 Playwright tests pass. The 1 failure is client-side re-rendering
of the spec explorer (the client evaluates defpage content which calls
find-spec — unavailable on the client).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Major architectural change: page function dispatch and handler execution
now go through the OCaml kernel instead of the Python bootstrapped evaluator.
OCaml integration:
- Page dispatch: bridge.eval() evaluates SX URL expressions (geography, marshes, etc.)
- Handler aser: bridge.aser() serializes handler responses as SX wire format
- _ensure_components loads all .sx files into OCaml kernel (spec, web adapter, handlers)
- defhandler/defpage registered as no-op special forms so handler files load
- helper IO primitive dispatches to Python page helpers + IO handlers
- ok-raw response format for SX wire format (no double-escaping)
- Natural list serialization in eval (no (list ...) wrapper)
- Clean pipe: _read_until_ok always sends io-response on error
SX adapter (aser):
- scope-emit!/scope-peek aliases to avoid CEK special form conflict
- aser-fragment/aser-call: strings starting with "(" pass through unserialized
- Registered cond-scheme?, is-else-clause?, primitive?, get-primitive in kernel
- random-int, parse-int as kernel primitives; json-encode, into via IO bridge
Handler migration:
- All IO calls converted to (helper "name" args...) pattern
- request-arg, request-form, state-get, state-set!, now, component-source etc.
- Fixed bare (effect ...) in island bodies leaking disposer functions as text
- Fixed lower-case → lower, ~search-results → ~examples/search-results
Reactive islands:
- sx-hydrate-islands called after client-side navigation swap
- force-dispose-islands-in for outerHTML swaps (clears hydration markers)
- clear-processed! platform primitive for re-hydration
Content restructuring:
- Design, event bridge, named stores, phase 2 consolidated into reactive overview
- Marshes split into overview + 5 example sub-pages
- Nav links use sx-get/sx-target for client-side navigation
Playwright test suite (sx/tests/test_demos.py):
- 83 tests covering hypermedia demos, reactive islands, marshes, spec explorer
- Server-side rendering, handler interactions, island hydration, navigation
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
SX-to-OCaml transpiler (transpiler.sx) generates sx_ref.ml (~90KB, ~135
mutually recursive functions) from the spec evaluator. Foundation tests
all pass: parser, primitives, env operations, type system.
Key design decisions:
- Env variant added to value type for CEK state dict storage
- Continuation carries optional data dict for captured frames
- Dynamic var tracking distinguishes OCaml fn calls from SX value dispatch
- Single let rec...and block for forward references between all defines
- Unused ref pre-declarations eliminated via let-bound name detection
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
