Add JAX typography, xector primitives, deferred effect chains, and GPU streaming

- Add JAX text rendering with font atlas, styled text placement, and typography primitives
- Add xector (element-wise/reduction) operations library and sexp effects
- Add deferred effect chain fusion for JIT-compiled effect pipelines
- Expand drawing primitives with font management, alignment, shadow, and outline
- Add interpreter support for function-style define and require
- Add GPU persistence mode and hardware decode support to streaming
- Add new sexp effects: cell_pattern, halftone, mosaic, and derived definitions
- Add path registry for asset resolution
- Add integration, primitives, and xector tests

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

sexp_effects/effects/ascii_art.sexp

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
   :params (
     (char_size :type int :default 8 :range [4 32])
     (alphabet :type string :default "standard")
-    (color_mode :type string :default "color" :desc ""color", "mono", "invert", or any color name/hex")
+    (color_mode :type string :default "color" :desc "color, mono, invert, or any color name/hex")
     (background_color :type string :default "black" :desc "background color name/hex")
     (invert_colors :type int :default 0 :desc "swap foreground and background colors")
     (contrast :type float :default 1.5 :range [1 3])

sexp_effects/effects/cell_pattern.sexp

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+;; Cell Pattern effect - custom patterns within cells
+;;
+;; Demonstrates building arbitrary per-cell visuals from primitives.
+;; Uses local coordinates within cells to draw patterns scaled by luminance.
+
+(require-primitives "xector")
+
+(define-effect cell_pattern
+  :params (
+    (cell-size :type int :default 16 :range [8 48] :desc "Cell size")
+    (pattern :type string :default "diagonal" :desc "Pattern: diagonal, cross, ring")
+  )
+  (let* (
+         ;; Pool to get cell colors
+         (pooled (pool-frame frame cell-size))
+         (cell-r (nth pooled 0))
+         (cell-g (nth pooled 1))
+         (cell-b (nth pooled 2))
+         (cell-lum (α/ (nth pooled 3) 255))
+
+         ;; Cell indices for each pixel
+         (cell-idx (cell-indices frame cell-size))
+
+         ;; Look up cell values for each pixel
+         (pix-r (gather cell-r cell-idx))
+         (pix-g (gather cell-g cell-idx))
+         (pix-b (gather cell-b cell-idx))
+         (pix-lum (gather cell-lum cell-idx))
+
+         ;; Local position within cell [0, 1]
+         (lx (local-x-norm frame cell-size))
+         (ly (local-y-norm frame cell-size))
+
+         ;; Pattern mask based on pattern type
+         (mask
+           (cond
+             ;; Diagonal lines - thickness based on luminance
+             ((= pattern "diagonal")
+              (let* ((diag (αmod (α+ lx ly) 0.25))
+                     (thickness (α* pix-lum 0.125)))
+                (α< diag thickness)))
+
+             ;; Cross pattern
+             ((= pattern "cross")
+              (let* ((cx (αabs (α- lx 0.5)))
+                     (cy (αabs (α- ly 0.5)))
+                     (thickness (α* pix-lum 0.25)))
+                (αor (α< cx thickness) (α< cy thickness))))
+
+             ;; Ring pattern
+             ((= pattern "ring")
+              (let* ((dx (α- lx 0.5))
+                     (dy (α- ly 0.5))
+                     (dist (αsqrt (α+ (α² dx) (α² dy))))
+                     (target (α* pix-lum 0.4))
+                     (thickness 0.05))
+                (α< (αabs (α- dist target)) thickness)))
+
+             ;; Default: solid
+             (else (α> pix-lum 0)))))
+
+    ;; Apply mask: show cell color where mask is true, black elsewhere
+    (rgb (where mask pix-r 0)
+         (where mask pix-g 0)
+         (where mask pix-b 0))))

sexp_effects/effects/echo.sexp

@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@
     (num_echoes :type int :default 4 :range [1 20])
     (decay :type float :default 0.5 :range [0 1])
   )
-  (let* ((buffer (state-get 'buffer (list)))
+  (let* ((buffer (state-get "buffer" (list)))
          (new-buffer (take (cons frame buffer) (+ num_echoes 1))))
     (begin
-      (state-set 'buffer new-buffer)
+      (state-set "buffer" new-buffer)
       ;; Blend frames with decay
       (if (< (length new-buffer) 2)
           frame

sexp_effects/effects/halftone.sexp

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+;; Halftone/dot effect - built from primitive xector operations
+;;
+;; Uses:
+;;   pool-frame     - downsample to cell luminances
+;;   cell-indices   - which cell each pixel belongs to
+;;   gather         - look up cell value for each pixel
+;;   local-x/y-norm - position within cell [0,1]
+;;   where          - conditional per-pixel
+
+(require-primitives "xector")
+
+(define-effect halftone
+  :params (
+    (cell-size :type int :default 12 :range [4 32] :desc "Size of halftone cells")
+    (dot-scale :type float :default 0.9 :range [0.1 1.0] :desc "Max dot radius")
+    (invert :type bool :default false :desc "Invert (white dots on black)")
+  )
+  (let* (
+         ;; Pool frame to get luminance per cell
+         (pooled (pool-frame frame cell-size))
+         (cell-lum (nth pooled 3))  ; luminance is 4th element
+
+         ;; For each output pixel, get its cell index
+         (cell-idx (cell-indices frame cell-size))
+
+         ;; Get cell luminance for each pixel
+         (pixel-lum (α/ (gather cell-lum cell-idx) 255))
+
+         ;; Position within cell, normalized to [-0.5, 0.5]
+         (lx (α- (local-x-norm frame cell-size) 0.5))
+         (ly (α- (local-y-norm frame cell-size) 0.5))
+
+         ;; Distance from cell center (0 at center, ~0.7 at corners)
+         (dist (αsqrt (α+ (α² lx) (α² ly))))
+
+         ;; Radius based on luminance (brighter = bigger dot)
+         (radius (α* (if invert (α- 1 pixel-lum) pixel-lum)
+                     (α* dot-scale 0.5)))
+
+         ;; Is this pixel inside the dot?
+         (inside (α< dist radius))
+
+         ;; Output color
+         (fg (if invert 255 0))
+         (bg (if invert 0 255))
+         (out (where inside fg bg)))
+
+    ;; Grayscale output
+    (rgb out out out)))

sexp_effects/effects/mosaic.sexp

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+;; Mosaic effect - built from primitive xector operations
+;;
+;; Uses:
+;;   pool-frame  - downsample to cell averages
+;;   cell-indices - which cell each pixel belongs to
+;;   gather       - look up cell value for each pixel
+
+(require-primitives "xector")
+
+(define-effect mosaic
+  :params (
+    (cell-size :type int :default 16 :range [4 64] :desc "Size of mosaic cells")
+  )
+  (let* (
+         ;; Pool frame to get average color per cell (returns r,g,b,lum xectors)
+         (pooled (pool-frame frame cell-size))
+         (cell-r (nth pooled 0))
+         (cell-g (nth pooled 1))
+         (cell-b (nth pooled 2))
+
+         ;; For each output pixel, get its cell index
+         (cell-idx (cell-indices frame cell-size))
+
+         ;; Gather: look up cell color for each pixel
+         (out-r (gather cell-r cell-idx))
+         (out-g (gather cell-g cell-idx))
+         (out-b (gather cell-b cell-idx)))
+
+    ;; Reconstruct frame
+    (rgb out-r out-g out-b)))

sexp_effects/effects/outline.sexp

@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@
   :params (
     (thickness :type int :default 2 :range [1 10])
     (threshold :type int :default 100 :range [20 300])
-    (color :type list :default (list 0 0 0)
+    (color :type list :default (list 0 0 0))
+    (fill_mode :type string :default "original")
   )
-  (fill_mode "original"))
   (let* ((edge-img (image:edge-detect frame (/ threshold 2) threshold))
          (dilated (if (> thickness 1)
                       (dilate edge-img thickness)

sexp_effects/effects/strobe.sexp

@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@
   :params (
     (frame_rate :type int :default 12 :range [1 60])
   )
-  (let* ((held (state-get 'held nil))
-         (held-until (state-get 'held-until 0))
+  (let* ((held (state-get "held" nil))
+         (held-until (state-get "held-until" 0))
          (frame-duration (/ 1 frame_rate)))
     (if (or (core:is-nil held) (>= t held-until))
         (begin
-          (state-set 'held (copy frame))
-          (state-set 'held-until (+ t frame-duration))
+          (state-set "held" (copy frame))
+          (state-set "held-until" (+ t frame-duration))
           frame)
         held)))

sexp_effects/effects/trails.sexp

@@ -5,16 +5,16 @@
   :params (
     (persistence :type float :default 0.8 :range [0 0.99])
   )
-  (let* ((buffer (state-get 'buffer nil))
+  (let* ((buffer (state-get "buffer" nil))
          (current frame))
     (if (= buffer nil)
         (begin
-          (state-set 'buffer (copy frame))
+          (state-set "buffer" (copy frame))
           frame)
         (let* ((faded (blending:blend-images buffer
                                     (make-image (image:width frame) (image:height frame) (list 0 0 0))
                                     (- 1 persistence)))
                (result (blending:blend-mode faded current "lighten")))
           (begin
-            (state-set 'buffer result)
+            (state-set "buffer" result)
             result)))))

sexp_effects/effects/xector_feathered_blend.sexp

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+;; Feathered blend - blend two same-size frames with distance-based falloff
+;; Center shows overlay, edges show background, with smooth transition
+
+(require-primitives "xector")
+
+(define-effect xector_feathered_blend
+  :params (
+    (inner-radius :type float :default 0.3 :range [0 1] :desc "Radius where overlay is 100% (fraction of size)")
+    (fade-width :type float :default 0.2 :range [0 0.5] :desc "Width of fade region (fraction of size)")
+    (overlay :type frame :default nil :desc "Frame to blend in center")
+  )
+  (let* (
+         ;; Get normalized distance from center (0 at center, ~1 at corners)
+         (dist (dist-from-center frame))
+         (max-dist (βmax dist))
+         (dist-norm (α/ dist max-dist))
+
+         ;; Calculate blend factor:
+         ;; - 1.0 when dist-norm < inner-radius (fully overlay)
+         ;; - 0.0 when dist-norm > inner-radius + fade-width (fully background)
+         ;; - linear ramp between
+         (t (α/ (α- dist-norm inner-radius) fade-width))
+         (blend (α- 1 (αclamp t 0 1)))
+         (inv-blend (α- 1 blend))
+
+         ;; Background channels
+         (bg-r (red frame))
+         (bg-g (green frame))
+         (bg-b (blue frame)))
+
+    (if (nil? overlay)
+        ;; No overlay - visualize the blend mask
+        (let ((vis (α* blend 255)))
+          (rgb vis vis vis))
+
+        ;; Blend overlay with background using the mask
+        (let* ((ov-r (red overlay))
+               (ov-g (green overlay))
+               (ov-b (blue overlay))
+               ;; lerp: bg * (1-blend) + overlay * blend
+               (r-out (α+ (α* bg-r inv-blend) (α* ov-r blend)))
+               (g-out (α+ (α* bg-g inv-blend) (α* ov-g blend)))
+               (b-out (α+ (α* bg-b inv-blend) (α* ov-b blend))))
+          (rgb r-out g-out b-out)))))

sexp_effects/effects/xector_grain.sexp

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+;; Film grain effect using xector operations
+;; Demonstrates random xectors and mixing scalar/xector math
+
+(require-primitives "xector")
+
+(define-effect xector_grain
+  :params (
+    (intensity :type float :default 0.2 :range [0 1] :desc "Grain intensity")
+    (colored :type bool :default false :desc "Use colored grain")
+  )
+  (let* (
+         ;; Extract channels
+         (r (red frame))
+         (g (green frame))
+         (b (blue frame))
+
+         ;; Generate noise xector(s)
+         ;; randn-x generates normal distribution noise
+         (grain-amount (* intensity 50)))
+
+    (if colored
+        ;; Colored grain: different noise per channel
+        (let* ((nr (randn-x frame 0 grain-amount))
+               (ng (randn-x frame 0 grain-amount))
+               (nb (randn-x frame 0 grain-amount)))
+          (rgb (αclamp (α+ r nr) 0 255)
+               (αclamp (α+ g ng) 0 255)
+               (αclamp (α+ b nb) 0 255)))
+
+        ;; Monochrome grain: same noise for all channels
+        (let ((n (randn-x frame 0 grain-amount)))
+          (rgb (αclamp (α+ r n) 0 255)
+               (αclamp (α+ g n) 0 255)
+               (αclamp (α+ b n) 0 255))))))

sexp_effects/effects/xector_inset_blend.sexp

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+;; Inset blend - fade a smaller frame into a larger background
+;; Uses distance-based alpha for smooth transition (no hard edges)
+
+(require-primitives "xector")
+
+(define-effect xector_inset_blend
+  :params (
+    (x :type int :default 0 :desc "X position of inset")
+    (y :type int :default 0 :desc "Y position of inset")
+    (fade-width :type int :default 50 :desc "Width of fade region in pixels")
+    (overlay :type frame :default nil :desc "The smaller frame to inset")
+  )
+  (let* (
+         ;; Get dimensions
+         (bg-h (first (list (nth (list (red frame)) 0))))  ;; TODO: need image:height
+         (bg-w bg-h)  ;; placeholder
+
+         ;; For now, create a simple centered circular blend
+         ;; Distance from center of overlay position
+         (cx (+ x (/ (- bg-w (* 2 x)) 2)))
+         (cy (+ y (/ (- bg-h (* 2 y)) 2)))
+
+         ;; Get coordinates as xectors
+         (px (x-coords frame))
+         (py (y-coords frame))
+
+         ;; Distance from center
+         (dx (α- px cx))
+         (dy (α- py cy))
+         (dist (αsqrt (α+ (α* dx dx) (α* dy dy))))
+
+         ;; Inner radius (fully overlay) and outer radius (fully background)
+         (inner-r (- (/ bg-w 2) x fade-width))
+         (outer-r (- (/ bg-w 2) x))
+
+         ;; Blend factor: 1.0 inside inner-r, 0.0 outside outer-r, linear between
+         (t (α/ (α- dist inner-r) fade-width))
+         (blend (α- 1 (αclamp t 0 1)))
+
+         ;; Extract channels from both frames
+         (bg-r (red frame))
+         (bg-g (green frame))
+         (bg-b (blue frame)))
+
+    ;; If overlay provided, blend it
+    (if overlay
+        (let* ((ov-r (red overlay))
+               (ov-g (green overlay))
+               (ov-b (blue overlay))
+               ;; Linear blend: result = bg * (1-blend) + overlay * blend
+               (r-out (α+ (α* bg-r (α- 1 blend)) (α* ov-r blend)))
+               (g-out (α+ (α* bg-g (α- 1 blend)) (α* ov-g blend)))
+               (b-out (α+ (α* bg-b (α- 1 blend)) (α* ov-b blend))))
+          (rgb r-out g-out b-out))
+        ;; No overlay - just show the blend mask for debugging
+        (let ((mask-vis (α* blend 255)))
+          (rgb mask-vis mask-vis mask-vis)))))

sexp_effects/effects/xector_threshold.sexp

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+;; Threshold effect using xector operations
+;; Demonstrates where (conditional select) and β (reduction) for normalization
+
+(require-primitives "xector")
+
+(define-effect xector_threshold
+  :params (
+    (threshold :type float :default 0.5 :range [0 1] :desc "Brightness threshold (0-1)")
+    (invert :type bool :default false :desc "Invert the threshold")
+  )
+  (let* (
+         ;; Get grayscale luminance as xector
+         (luma (gray frame))
+
+         ;; Normalize to 0-1 range
+         (luma-norm (α/ luma 255))
+
+         ;; Create boolean mask: pixels above threshold
+         (mask (if invert
+                   (α< luma-norm threshold)
+                   (α>= luma-norm threshold)))
+
+         ;; Use where to select: white (255) if above threshold, black (0) if below
+         (out (where mask 255 0)))
+
+    ;; Output as grayscale (same value for R, G, B)
+    (rgb out out out)))

sexp_effects/effects/xector_vignette.sexp

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+;; Vignette effect using xector operations
+;; Demonstrates α (element-wise) and β (reduction) patterns
+
+(require-primitives "xector")
+
+(define-effect xector_vignette
+  :params (
+    (strength :type float :default 0.5 :range [0 1])
+    (radius :type float :default 1.0 :range [0.5 2])
+  )
+  (let* (
+         ;; Get normalized distance from center for each pixel
+         (dist (dist-from-center frame))
+
+         ;; Calculate max distance (corner distance)
+         (max-dist (* (βmax dist) radius))
+
+         ;; Calculate brightness factor per pixel: 1 - (dist/max-dist * strength)
+         ;; Using explicit α operators
+         (factor (α- 1 (α* (α/ dist max-dist) strength)))
+
+         ;; Clamp factor to [0, 1]
+         (factor (αclamp factor 0 1))
+
+         ;; Extract channels as xectors
+         (r (red frame))
+         (g (green frame))
+         (b (blue frame))
+
+         ;; Apply factor to each channel (implicit element-wise via Xector operators)
+         (r-out (* r factor))
+         (g-out (* g factor))
+         (b-out (* b factor)))
+
+    ;; Combine back to frame
+    (rgb r-out g-out b-out)))