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rose-ash/lib/datalog/eval.sx
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datalog: stratified negation (Phase 7, 124/124)
New lib/datalog/strata.sx: dl-build-dep-graph (relation -> deps with
:neg flag), Floyd-Warshall reachability, SCC-via-mutual-reach for
non-stratifiability detection, iterative dl-compute-strata, and
dl-group-rules-by-stratum.

eval.sx refactor:
- dl-saturate-rules! db rules — semi-naive worker over a rule subset
- dl-saturate! db — stratified driver. Rejects non-stratifiable
  programs at saturation time, then iterates strata in order
- dl-match-negation — succeeds iff inner positive match is empty

Order-aware safety in dl-rule-check-safety (Phase 4) already
required negation vars to be bound by a prior positive literal.
Stratum dict keys are strings (SX dicts don't accept ints).

Phase 6 magic sets deferred — opt-in path, semi-naive default
suffices for current workloads.
2026-05-08 08:20:56 +00:00

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;; lib/datalog/eval.sx — fixpoint evaluator (naive + semi-naive).
;;
;; Two saturators are exposed:
;; `dl-saturate-naive!` — re-joins each rule against the full DB every
;; iteration. Reference implementation; useful for differential tests.
;; `dl-saturate!` — semi-naive default. Tracks per-relation delta
;; sets and substitutes one positive body literal per rule with the
;; delta of its relation, joining the rest against the previous-
;; iteration DB. Same fixpoint, dramatically less work on recursive
;; rules.
;;
;; Body literal kinds:
;; positive (rel arg ... arg) → match against EDB+IDB tuples
;; built-in (< X Y), (is X e) → constraint via dl-eval-builtin
;; negation {:neg lit} → Phase 7
(define
dl-match-positive
(fn
(lit db subst)
(let
((rel (dl-rel-name lit)) (results (list)))
(cond
((nil? rel) (error (str "dl-match-positive: bad literal " lit)))
(else
(let
((tuples (dl-rel-tuples db rel)))
(do
(for-each
(fn
(tuple)
(let
((s (dl-unify lit tuple subst)))
(when (not (nil? s)) (append! results s))))
tuples)
results)))))))
;; Match a positive literal against the delta set for its relation only.
(define
dl-match-positive-delta
(fn
(lit delta subst)
(let
((rel (dl-rel-name lit)) (results (list)))
(let
((tuples (if (has-key? delta rel) (get delta rel) (list))))
(do
(for-each
(fn
(tuple)
(let
((s (dl-unify lit tuple subst)))
(when (not (nil? s)) (append! results s))))
tuples)
results)))))
;; Naive matcher (for dl-saturate-naive! and dl-query post-saturation).
(define
dl-match-negation
(fn
(inner db subst)
(let
((walked (dl-apply-subst inner subst))
(matches (dl-match-positive inner db subst)))
(cond
((= (len matches) 0) (list subst))
(else (list))))))
(define
dl-match-lit
(fn
(lit db subst)
(cond
((and (dict? lit) (has-key? lit :neg))
(dl-match-negation (get lit :neg) db subst))
((dl-builtin? lit)
(let
((s (dl-eval-builtin lit subst)))
(if (nil? s) (list) (list s))))
((and (list? lit) (> (len lit) 0))
(dl-match-positive lit db subst))
(else (error (str "datalog: unknown body-literal shape: " lit))))))
(define
dl-find-bindings
(fn
(lits db subst)
(cond
((nil? subst) (list))
((= (len lits) 0) (list subst))
(else
(let
((options (dl-match-lit (first lits) db subst))
(results (list)))
(do
(for-each
(fn
(s)
(for-each
(fn (s2) (append! results s2))
(dl-find-bindings (rest lits) db s)))
options)
results))))))
;; Naive: apply each rule against full DB until no new tuples.
(define
dl-apply-rule!
(fn
(db rule)
(let
((head (get rule :head)) (body (get rule :body)) (new? false))
(do
(for-each
(fn
(s)
(let
((derived (dl-apply-subst head s)))
(when (dl-add-fact! db derived) (set! new? true))))
(dl-find-bindings body db (dl-empty-subst)))
new?))))
(define
dl-saturate-naive!
(fn
(db)
(let
((changed true))
(do
(define
dl-snloop
(fn
()
(when
changed
(do
(set! changed false)
(for-each
(fn (r) (when (dl-apply-rule! db r) (set! changed true)))
(dl-rules db))
(dl-snloop)))))
(dl-snloop)
db))))
;; ── Semi-naive ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
;; Take a snapshot dict {rel -> tuples} of every relation currently in
;; the DB. Used as initial delta for the first iteration.
(define
dl-snapshot-facts
(fn
(db)
(let
((facts (get db :facts)) (out {}))
(do
(for-each
(fn (k) (dict-set! out k (dl-copy-list (get facts k))))
(keys facts))
out))))
(define
dl-copy-list
(fn
(xs)
(let
((out (list)))
(do (for-each (fn (x) (append! out x)) xs) out))))
;; Does any relation in `delta` have ≥1 tuple?
(define
dl-delta-empty?
(fn
(delta)
(let
((ks (keys delta)) (any-non-empty false))
(do
(for-each
(fn
(k)
(when
(> (len (get delta k)) 0)
(set! any-non-empty true)))
ks)
(not any-non-empty)))))
;; Find substitutions such that `lits` are all satisfied AND `delta-idx`
;; is matched against the per-relation delta only. The other positive
;; literals match against the snapshot DB (db.facts read at iteration
;; start). Built-ins and negations behave as in `dl-match-lit`.
(define
dl-find-bindings-semi
(fn
(lits db delta delta-idx subst)
(dl-fbs-aux lits db delta delta-idx 0 subst)))
(define
dl-fbs-aux
(fn
(lits db delta delta-idx i subst)
(cond
((nil? subst) (list))
((>= i (len lits)) (list subst))
(else
(let
((lit (nth lits i))
(options
(cond
((and (dict? lit) (has-key? lit :neg))
(dl-match-negation (get lit :neg) db subst))
((dl-builtin? lit)
(let
((s (dl-eval-builtin lit subst)))
(if (nil? s) (list) (list s))))
((and (list? lit) (> (len lit) 0))
(if
(= i delta-idx)
(dl-match-positive-delta lit delta subst)
(dl-match-positive lit db subst)))
(else (error (str "datalog: unknown body-lit: " lit)))))
(results (list)))
(do
(for-each
(fn
(s)
(for-each
(fn (s2) (append! results s2))
(dl-fbs-aux lits db delta delta-idx (+ i 1) s)))
options)
results))))))
;; Collect candidate head tuples from a rule using delta. Walks every
;; positive body position and unions the resulting heads. For rules
;; with no positive body literal, falls back to a naive single-pass
;; (so static facts like `(p X) :- (= X 5).` derive on iteration 1).
(define
dl-collect-rule-candidates
(fn
(rule db delta)
(let
((head (get rule :head))
(body (get rule :body))
(out (list))
(saw-pos false))
(do
(define
dl-cri
(fn
(i)
(when
(< i (len body))
(do
(let
((lit (nth body i)))
(when
(dl-positive-lit? lit)
(do
(set! saw-pos true)
(for-each
(fn (s) (append! out (dl-apply-subst head s)))
(dl-find-bindings-semi
body
db
delta
i
(dl-empty-subst))))))
(dl-cri (+ i 1))))))
(dl-cri 0)
(when
(not saw-pos)
(for-each
(fn (s) (append! out (dl-apply-subst head s)))
(dl-find-bindings body db (dl-empty-subst))))
out))))
;; Add a list of candidate tuples to db; collect newly-added ones into
;; the new-delta dict (keyed by relation name).
(define
dl-commit-candidates!
(fn
(db candidates new-delta)
(for-each
(fn
(lit)
(when
(dl-add-fact! db lit)
(let
((rel (dl-rel-name lit)))
(do
(when
(not (has-key? new-delta rel))
(dict-set! new-delta rel (list)))
(append! (get new-delta rel) lit)))))
candidates)))
(define
dl-saturate-rules!
(fn
(db rules)
(let
((delta (dl-snapshot-facts db)))
(do
(define
dl-sr-step
(fn
()
(let
((pending (list)) (new-delta {}))
(do
(for-each
(fn
(rule)
(for-each
(fn (cand) (append! pending cand))
(dl-collect-rule-candidates rule db delta)))
rules)
(dl-commit-candidates! db pending new-delta)
(cond
((dl-delta-empty? new-delta) nil)
(else (do (set! delta new-delta) (dl-sr-step))))))))
(dl-sr-step)
db))))
;; Stratified driver: rejects non-stratifiable programs at saturation
;; time, then iterates strata in increasing order, running semi-naive on
;; the rules whose head sits in that stratum.
(define
dl-saturate!
(fn
(db)
(let
((err (dl-check-stratifiable db)))
(cond
((not (nil? err)) (error (str "dl-saturate!: " err)))
(else
(let
((strata (dl-compute-strata db)))
(let
((grouped (dl-group-rules-by-stratum db strata)))
(let
((groups (get grouped :groups))
(max-s (get grouped :max)))
(do
(define
dl-strat-loop
(fn
(s)
(when
(<= s max-s)
(let
((sk (str s)))
(do
(when
(has-key? groups sk)
(dl-saturate-rules! db (get groups sk)))
(dl-strat-loop (+ s 1)))))))
(dl-strat-loop 0)
db)))))))))
;; ── Querying ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
(define
dl-query
(fn
(db goal)
(do
(dl-saturate! db)
(let
((substs (dl-find-bindings (list goal) db (dl-empty-subst)))
(vars (dl-vars-of goal))
(results (list)))
(do
(for-each
(fn
(s)
(let
((proj (dl-project-subst s vars)))
(when
(not (dl-tuple-member? proj results))
(append! results proj))))
substs)
results)))))
(define
dl-project-subst
(fn
(subst names)
(let
((out {}))
(do
(for-each
(fn
(n)
(let
((sym (string->symbol n)))
(let
((v (dl-walk sym subst)))
(dict-set! out n (dl-apply-subst v subst)))))
names)
out))))
(define dl-relation (fn (db name) (dl-rel-tuples db name)))