Composes lifecycle (Phase 3) with time (Ext 12): a timed-case pairs a case with
its state-entry tick; mod/overdue? flags pending cases (open/triaged/appealed)
past a deadline; mod/sla-sweep returns the breached report ids. Terminal states
never breach. Pure overlay — lifecycle stays timeless, caller stamps entry. +15 tests.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>