Add inline VM opcodes for hot primitives (OP_ADD through OP_DEC)

16 new opcodes (160-175) bypass the CALL_PRIM hashtable lookup for
the most frequently called primitives:

  Arithmetic: OP_ADD, OP_SUB, OP_MUL, OP_DIV, OP_INC, OP_DEC, OP_NEG
  Comparison: OP_EQ, OP_LT, OP_GT, OP_NOT
  Collection: OP_LEN, OP_FIRST, OP_REST, OP_NTH, OP_CONS

The compiler (compiler.sx) recognizes these names at compile time and
emits the inline opcode instead of CALL_PRIM. The opcode is self-
contained — no constant pool index, no argc byte. Each primitive is
a single byte in the bytecode stream.

Implementation in all three VMs:
- OCaml (sx_vm.ml): direct pattern match, no allocation
- SX spec (vm.sx): delegates to existing primitives
- JS (transpiled): same as SX spec

66 new tests in spec/tests/vm-inline.sx covering arithmetic, comparison,
collection ops, composition, and edge cases.

Tests: 1314 JS (full), 1114 OCaml, 32 Playwright

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
This commit is contained in:
2026-03-24 20:10:48 +00:00
parent 5b2ef0a2af
commit eb4233ff36
6 changed files with 245 additions and 7 deletions

View File

@@ -400,6 +400,71 @@ and run vm =
let v = peek vm in
Hashtbl.replace vm.globals name v
(* ---- Inline primitives (no hashtable lookup) ---- *)
| 160 (* OP_ADD *) ->
let b = pop vm and a = pop vm in
push vm (match a, b with
| Number x, Number y -> Number (x +. y)
| String x, String y -> String (x ^ y)
| _ -> Sx_primitives.(get_primitive "+" |> function NativeFn (_, f) -> f [a; b] | _ -> Nil))
| 161 (* OP_SUB *) ->
let b = pop vm and a = pop vm in
push vm (match a, b with Number x, Number y -> Number (x -. y) | _ -> Nil)
| 162 (* OP_MUL *) ->
let b = pop vm and a = pop vm in
push vm (match a, b with Number x, Number y -> Number (x *. y) | _ -> Nil)
| 163 (* OP_DIV *) ->
let b = pop vm and a = pop vm in
push vm (match a, b with Number x, Number y -> Number (x /. y) | _ -> Nil)
| 164 (* OP_EQ *) ->
let b = pop vm and a = pop vm in
push vm (Bool (a = b))
| 165 (* OP_LT *) ->
let b = pop vm and a = pop vm in
push vm (match a, b with Number x, Number y -> Bool (x < y) | String x, String y -> Bool (x < y) | _ -> Bool false)
| 166 (* OP_GT *) ->
let b = pop vm and a = pop vm in
push vm (match a, b with Number x, Number y -> Bool (x > y) | String x, String y -> Bool (x > y) | _ -> Bool false)
| 167 (* OP_NOT *) ->
let v = pop vm in
push vm (Bool (not (sx_truthy v)))
| 168 (* OP_LEN *) ->
let v = pop vm in
push vm (match v with
| List l | ListRef { contents = l } -> Number (float_of_int (List.length l))
| String s -> Number (float_of_int (String.length s))
| Dict d -> Number (float_of_int (Hashtbl.length d))
| Nil -> Number 0.0 | _ -> Number 0.0)
| 169 (* OP_FIRST *) ->
let v = pop vm in
push vm (match v with List (x :: _) | ListRef { contents = x :: _ } -> x | _ -> Nil)
| 170 (* OP_REST *) ->
let v = pop vm in
push vm (match v with List (_ :: xs) | ListRef { contents = _ :: xs } -> List xs | _ -> List [])
| 171 (* OP_NTH *) ->
let n = pop vm and coll = pop vm in
let i = match n with Number f -> int_of_float f | _ -> 0 in
push vm (match coll with
| List l | ListRef { contents = l } ->
(try List.nth l i with _ -> Nil)
| _ -> Nil)
| 172 (* OP_CONS *) ->
let coll = pop vm and x = pop vm in
push vm (match coll with
| List l -> List (x :: l)
| ListRef { contents = l } -> List (x :: l)
| Nil -> List [x]
| _ -> List [x])
| 173 (* OP_NEG *) ->
let v = pop vm in
push vm (match v with Number x -> Number (-.x) | _ -> Nil)
| 174 (* OP_INC *) ->
let v = pop vm in
push vm (match v with Number x -> Number (x +. 1.0) | _ -> Nil)
| 175 (* OP_DEC *) ->
let v = pop vm in
push vm (match v with Number x -> Number (x -. 1.0) | _ -> Nil)
| opcode ->
raise (Eval_error (Printf.sprintf "VM: unknown opcode %d at ip=%d"
opcode (frame.ip - 1)))

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@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
// =========================================================================
var NIL = Object.freeze({ _nil: true, toString: function() { return "nil"; } });
var SX_VERSION = "2026-03-24T19:19:01Z";
var SX_VERSION = "2026-03-24T20:05:12Z";
function isNil(x) { return x === NIL || x === null || x === undefined; }
function isSxTruthy(x) { return x !== false && !isNil(x); }

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@@ -93,6 +93,24 @@
(define OP_STR_JOIN 145) ;; (join sep list)
(define OP_SERIALIZE 146) ;; serialize TOS to SX string
;; Inline primitives (hot path — no hashtable lookup)
(define OP_ADD 160) ;; TOS-1 + TOS → push
(define OP_SUB 161) ;; TOS-1 - TOS → push
(define OP_MUL 162) ;; TOS-1 * TOS → push
(define OP_DIV 163) ;; TOS-1 / TOS → push
(define OP_EQ 164) ;; TOS-1 = TOS → push bool
(define OP_LT 165) ;; TOS-1 < TOS → push bool
(define OP_GT 166) ;; TOS-1 > TOS → push bool
(define OP_NOT 167) ;; !TOS → push bool
(define OP_LEN 168) ;; len(TOS) → push number
(define OP_FIRST 169) ;; first(TOS) → push
(define OP_REST 170) ;; rest(TOS) → push list
(define OP_NTH 171) ;; nth(TOS-1, TOS) → push
(define OP_CONS 172) ;; cons(TOS-1, TOS) → push list
(define OP_NEG 173) ;; negate TOS → push number
(define OP_INC 174) ;; TOS + 1 → push
(define OP_DEC 175) ;; TOS - 1 → push
;; Aser specialization (optional, 224-239 reserved)
(define OP_ASER_TAG 224) ;; u16 tag_name_idx — serialize HTML tag
(define OP_ASER_FRAG 225) ;; u8 child_count — serialize fragment

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@@ -756,13 +756,40 @@
(not (= (get (scope-resolve scope name) "type") "upvalue"))
(primitive? name))))))
(if is-prim
;; Direct primitive call — no closure overhead
;; Direct primitive call — try inline opcode first
(let ((name (symbol-name head))
(name-idx (pool-add (get em "pool") name)))
(for-each (fn (a) (compile-expr em a scope false)) args)
(emit-op em 52) ;; OP_CALL_PRIM
(emit-u16 em name-idx)
(emit-byte em (len args)))
(argc (len args))
(inline-op
(cond
;; Binary arithmetic/comparison (2 args)
(and (= argc 2) (= name "+")) 160
(and (= argc 2) (= name "-")) 161
(and (= argc 2) (= name "*")) 162
(and (= argc 2) (= name "/")) 163
(and (= argc 2) (= name "=")) 164
(and (= argc 2) (= name "<")) 165
(and (= argc 2) (= name ">")) 166
(and (= argc 2) (= name "nth")) 171
(and (= argc 2) (= name "cons")) 172
;; Unary (1 arg)
(and (= argc 1) (= name "not")) 167
(and (= argc 1) (= name "len")) 168
(and (= argc 1) (= name "first")) 169
(and (= argc 1) (= name "rest")) 170
(and (= argc 1) (= name "inc")) 174
(and (= argc 1) (= name "dec")) 175
:else nil)))
(if inline-op
;; Emit inline opcode — no constant pool lookup, no argc byte
(do
(for-each (fn (a) (compile-expr em a scope false)) args)
(emit-op em inline-op))
;; Fallback: CALL_PRIM with name lookup
(let ((name-idx (pool-add (get em "pool") name)))
(for-each (fn (a) (compile-expr em a scope false)) args)
(emit-op em 52) ;; OP_CALL_PRIM
(emit-u16 em name-idx)
(emit-byte em argc))))
;; General call
(do
(compile-expr em head scope false)

85
spec/tests/vm-inline.sx Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
;; vm-inline.sx — Tests for inline VM opcodes (OP_ADD, OP_EQ, etc.)
;;
;; These verify that the JIT-compiled inline opcodes produce
;; identical results to the CALL_PRIM fallback.
;; --------------------------------------------------------------------------
;; Arithmetic
;; --------------------------------------------------------------------------
(test "inline + integers" (= (+ 3 4) 7))
(test "inline + floats" (= (+ 1.5 2.5) 4.0))
(test "inline + string concat" (= (+ "hello" " world") "hello world"))
(test "inline - integers" (= (- 10 3) 7))
(test "inline - negative" (= (- 3 10) -7))
(test "inline * integers" (= (* 6 7) 42))
(test "inline * float" (= (* 2.5 4.0) 10.0))
(test "inline / integers" (= (/ 10 2) 5))
(test "inline / float" (= (/ 7.0 2.0) 3.5))
(test "inline inc" (= (inc 5) 6))
(test "inline dec" (= (dec 5) 4))
(test "inline inc float" (= (inc 2.5) 3.5))
(test "inline dec zero" (= (dec 0) -1))
;; --------------------------------------------------------------------------
;; Comparison
;; --------------------------------------------------------------------------
(test "inline = numbers" (= 5 5))
(test "inline = strings" (= "hello" "hello"))
(test "inline = false" (not (= 5 6)))
(test "inline = nil" (= nil nil))
(test "inline = mixed false" (not (= 5 "5")))
(test "inline < numbers" (< 3 5))
(test "inline < false" (not (< 5 3)))
(test "inline < equal" (not (< 5 5)))
(test "inline < strings" (< "abc" "def"))
(test "inline > numbers" (> 5 3))
(test "inline > false" (not (> 3 5)))
(test "inline > equal" (not (> 5 5)))
(test "inline not true" (= (not true) false))
(test "inline not false" (= (not false) true))
(test "inline not nil" (= (not nil) true))
(test "inline not number" (= (not 0) true))
(test "inline not string" (= (not "") true))
(test "inline not nonempty" (= (not "x") false))
;; --------------------------------------------------------------------------
;; Collection ops
;; --------------------------------------------------------------------------
(test "inline len list" (= (len (list 1 2 3)) 3))
(test "inline len string" (= (len "hello") 5))
(test "inline len empty" (= (len (list)) 0))
(test "inline len nil" (= (len nil) 0))
(test "inline first" (= (first (list 10 20 30)) 10))
(test "inline first empty" (= (first (list)) nil))
(test "inline rest" (= (rest (list 1 2 3)) (list 2 3)))
(test "inline rest single" (= (rest (list 1)) (list)))
(test "inline nth" (= (nth (list 10 20 30) 1) 20))
(test "inline nth zero" (= (nth (list 10 20 30) 0) 10))
(test "inline nth out of bounds" (= (nth (list 1 2) 5) nil))
(test "inline cons" (= (cons 1 (list 2 3)) (list 1 2 3)))
(test "inline cons to empty" (= (cons 1 (list)) (list 1)))
(test "inline cons to nil" (= (cons 1 nil) (list 1)))
;; --------------------------------------------------------------------------
;; Composition — inline ops in expressions
;; --------------------------------------------------------------------------
(test "nested arithmetic" (= (+ (* 3 4) (- 10 5)) 17))
(test "comparison in if" (if (< 3 5) "yes" "no") (= "yes"))
(test "len in condition" (if (> (len (list 1 2 3)) 2) true false))
(test "inc in loop" (= (let ((x 0)) (for-each (fn (_) (set! x (inc x))) (list 1 2 3)) x) 3))
(test "first + rest roundtrip" (= (cons (first (list 1 2 3)) (rest (list 1 2 3))) (list 1 2 3)))
(test "nested comparison" (= (and (< 1 2) (> 3 0) (= 5 5)) true))
;; --------------------------------------------------------------------------
;; Edge cases
;; --------------------------------------------------------------------------
(test "+ with nil" (= (+ 5 nil) 5))
(test "len of dict" (= (len {:a 1 :b 2}) 2))
(test "= with booleans" (= (= true true) true))
(test "= with keywords" (= (= :foo :foo) true))
(test "not with list" (= (not (list 1)) false))

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@@ -531,6 +531,49 @@
(name (nth consts idx)))
(dict-set! (get vm "globals") name (vm-peek vm)))
;; ---- Inline primitives ----
(= op 160) ;; OP_ADD
(let ((b (vm-pop vm)) (a (vm-pop vm)))
(vm-push vm (+ a b)))
(= op 161) ;; OP_SUB
(let ((b (vm-pop vm)) (a (vm-pop vm)))
(vm-push vm (- a b)))
(= op 162) ;; OP_MUL
(let ((b (vm-pop vm)) (a (vm-pop vm)))
(vm-push vm (* a b)))
(= op 163) ;; OP_DIV
(let ((b (vm-pop vm)) (a (vm-pop vm)))
(vm-push vm (/ a b)))
(= op 164) ;; OP_EQ
(let ((b (vm-pop vm)) (a (vm-pop vm)))
(vm-push vm (= a b)))
(= op 165) ;; OP_LT
(let ((b (vm-pop vm)) (a (vm-pop vm)))
(vm-push vm (< a b)))
(= op 166) ;; OP_GT
(let ((b (vm-pop vm)) (a (vm-pop vm)))
(vm-push vm (> a b)))
(= op 167) ;; OP_NOT
(vm-push vm (not (vm-pop vm)))
(= op 168) ;; OP_LEN
(vm-push vm (len (vm-pop vm)))
(= op 169) ;; OP_FIRST
(vm-push vm (first (vm-pop vm)))
(= op 170) ;; OP_REST
(vm-push vm (rest (vm-pop vm)))
(= op 171) ;; OP_NTH
(let ((n (vm-pop vm)) (coll (vm-pop vm)))
(vm-push vm (nth coll n)))
(= op 172) ;; OP_CONS
(let ((coll (vm-pop vm)) (x (vm-pop vm)))
(vm-push vm (cons x coll)))
(= op 173) ;; OP_NEG
(vm-push vm (- 0 (vm-pop vm)))
(= op 174) ;; OP_INC
(vm-push vm (inc (vm-pop vm)))
(= op 175) ;; OP_DEC
(vm-push vm (dec (vm-pop vm)))
:else
(error (str "VM: unknown opcode " op))))))