ocaml: phase 5.1 daily_temperatures.ml baseline (sum of waits = 10)

Monotonic decreasing stack — for each day i, pop entries from
the stack whose temperature is strictly less than today's; their
answer is (i - popped_index).

  temps  = [73; 74; 75; 71; 69; 72; 76; 73]
  answer = [ 1;  1;  4;  2;  1;  1;  0;  0]
  sum    = 10

Complementary to next_greater.ml (iter 256) — same monotonic-stack
skeleton but stores the distance to the next greater element
rather than its value.

Tests `match !stack with | top :: rest when …` pattern with
guard inside a while-cont-flag loop.

198 baseline programs total.

lib/ocaml/baseline/daily_temperatures.ml

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+let daily_temperatures temps =
+  let n = Array.length temps in
+  let answer = Array.make n 0 in
+  let stack = ref [] in
+  for i = 0 to n - 1 do
+    let cont = ref true in
+    while !cont do
+      match !stack with
+      | top :: rest when temps.(top) < temps.(i) ->
+        answer.(top) <- i - top;
+        stack := rest
+      | _ -> cont := false
+    done;
+    stack := i :: !stack
+  done;
+  let sum = ref 0 in
+  for i = 0 to n - 1 do
+    sum := !sum + answer.(i)
+  done;
+  !sum
+
+;;
+
+daily_temperatures [| 73; 74; 75; 71; 69; 72; 76; 73 |]

lib/ocaml/baseline/expected.json

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
   "count_palindromes.ml": 9,
   "count_subarrays_k.ml": 7,
   "csv.ml": 10,
+  "daily_temperatures.ml": 10,
   "egg_drop.ml": 8,
   "dijkstra.ml": 7,
   "dp_word_break.ml": 4,