diff --git a/lib/erlang/runtime.sx b/lib/erlang/runtime.sx
index cb72aab6..aec52dfb 100644
--- a/lib/erlang/runtime.sx
+++ b/lib/erlang/runtime.sx
@@ -208,3 +208,68 @@
 (define
   er-proc-mailbox-size
   (fn (pid) (er-q-len (er-proc-field pid :mailbox))))
+
+;; ── process BIFs ────────────────────────────────────────────────
+(define
+  er-bif-is-pid
+  (fn (vs) (er-bool (er-pid? (er-bif-arg1 vs "is_pid")))))
+
+(define
+  er-bif-self
+  (fn
+    (vs)
+    (if
+      (not (= (len vs) 0))
+      (error "Erlang: self/0: arity")
+      (let
+        ((pid (er-sched-current-pid)))
+        (if
+          (= pid nil)
+          (error "Erlang: self/0: no current process")
+          pid)))))
+
+(define
+  er-bif-spawn
+  (fn
+    (vs)
+    (cond
+      (= (len vs) 1) (er-spawn-fun (nth vs 0))
+      (= (len vs) 3) (error
+        "Erlang: spawn/3: module-based spawn deferred to Phase 5 (modules)")
+      :else (error "Erlang: spawn: wrong arity"))))
+
+(define
+  er-spawn-fun
+  (fn
+    (fv)
+    (if
+      (not (er-fun? fv))
+      (error "Erlang: spawn/1: not a fun")
+      (let
+        ((proc (er-proc-new! (er-env-new))))
+        (dict-set! proc :initial-fun fv)
+        (get proc :pid)))))
+
+;; ── scheduler loop ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+;; Drain all runnable processes to completion. Synchronous — each
+;; spawned process runs its :initial-fun front-to-back with no yielding.
+;; receive-driven suspension arrives in the next roadmap step.
+(define
+  er-sched-drain!
+  (fn
+    ()
+    (let
+      ((pid (er-sched-next-runnable!)))
+      (when
+        (not (= pid nil))
+        (er-sched-set-current! pid)
+        (er-proc-set! pid :state "running")
+        (let
+          ((fv (er-proc-field pid :initial-fun)))
+          (when
+            (not (= fv nil))
+            (er-apply-fun fv (list))))
+        (er-proc-set! pid :state "dead")
+        (er-proc-set! pid :exit-reason (er-mk-atom "normal"))
+        (er-sched-set-current! nil)
+        (er-sched-drain!)))))
diff --git a/lib/erlang/tests/eval.sx b/lib/erlang/tests/eval.sx
index 846abcfc..cd8347ba 100644
--- a/lib/erlang/tests/eval.sx
+++ b/lib/erlang/tests/eval.sx
@@ -285,6 +285,48 @@
   (do (er-io-flush!) (ev "io:format(\"50~~\")") (er-io-buffer-content))
   "50~")
 
+;; ── processes: self/0, spawn/1, is_pid ──────────────────────────
+(er-eval-test "self tag"
+  (get (ev "self()") :tag) "pid")
+(er-eval-test "is_pid self"
+  (nm (ev "is_pid(self())")) "true")
+(er-eval-test "is_pid number"
+  (nm (ev "is_pid(42)")) "false")
+(er-eval-test "is_pid atom"
+  (nm (ev "is_pid(ok)")) "false")
+(er-eval-test "self equals self"
+  (nm (ev "Pid = self(), Pid =:= Pid")) "true")
+(er-eval-test "self =:= self expr"
+  (nm (ev "self() == self()")) "true")
+(er-eval-test "spawn returns pid"
+  (get (ev "spawn(fun () -> ok end)") :tag) "pid")
+(er-eval-test "is_pid spawn"
+  (nm (ev "is_pid(spawn(fun () -> ok end))")) "true")
+(er-eval-test "spawn new pid distinct"
+  (nm (ev "P1 = self(), P2 = spawn(fun () -> ok end), P1 =:= P2"))
+  "false")
+(er-eval-test "two spawns distinct"
+  (nm (ev "P1 = spawn(fun () -> ok end), P2 = spawn(fun () -> ok end), P1 =:= P2"))
+  "false")
+(er-eval-test "spawn then drain io"
+  (do
+    (er-io-flush!)
+    (ev "spawn(fun () -> io:format(\"child~n\") end), io:format(\"parent~n\")")
+    (er-io-buffer-content))
+  "parent\nchild\n")
+(er-eval-test "multiple spawn ordering"
+  (do
+    (er-io-flush!)
+    (ev "spawn(fun () -> io:format(\"a~n\") end), spawn(fun () -> io:format(\"b~n\") end), io:format(\"main~n\")")
+    (er-io-buffer-content))
+  "main\na\nb\n")
+(er-eval-test "child self is its own pid"
+  (do
+    (er-io-flush!)
+    (ev "P = spawn(fun () -> io:format(\"~p\", [is_pid(self())]) end), io:format(\"~p;\", [is_pid(P)])")
+    (er-io-buffer-content))
+  "true;true")
+
 (define
   er-eval-test-summary
   (str "eval " er-eval-test-pass "/" er-eval-test-count))
diff --git a/lib/erlang/transpile.sx b/lib/erlang/transpile.sx
index 7d879f4f..f92d4405 100644
--- a/lib/erlang/transpile.sx
+++ b/lib/erlang/transpile.sx
@@ -61,8 +61,23 @@
     (let
       ((st (er-state-make (er-tokenize src))))
       (let
-        ((body (er-parse-body st)) (env (er-env-new)))
-        (er-eval-body body env)))))
+        ((body (er-parse-body st)))
+        (er-sched-init!)
+        (let
+          ((main (er-proc-new! (er-env-new))))
+          (er-sched-next-runnable!)
+          (er-sched-set-current! (get main :pid))
+          (er-proc-set! (get main :pid) :state "running")
+          (let
+            ((result (er-eval-body body (get main :env))))
+            (er-proc-set! (get main :pid) :state "dead")
+            (er-proc-set!
+              (get main :pid)
+              :exit-reason
+              (er-mk-atom "normal"))
+            (er-sched-set-current! nil)
+            (er-sched-drain!)
+            result))))))
 
 (define
   er-eval-body
@@ -347,6 +362,7 @@
             (fn (i) (er-equal? (nth ea i) (nth eb i)))
             (range 0 (len ea)))))
       (and (= (type-of a) "string") (= (type-of b) "string")) (= a b)
+      (and (er-pid? a) (er-pid? b)) (= (get a :id) (get b :id))
       :else false)))
 
 ;; Exact equality: 1 =/= 1.0 in Erlang.
@@ -380,7 +396,8 @@
       (er-nil? v) 3
       (er-cons? v) 3
       (= (type-of v) "string") 4
-      :else 5)))
+      (er-pid? v) 5
+      :else 6)))
 
 (define
   er-list-append
@@ -535,6 +552,9 @@
       (= name "tuple_size") (er-bif-tuple-size vs)
       (= name "atom_to_list") (er-bif-atom-to-list vs)
       (= name "list_to_atom") (er-bif-list-to-atom vs)
+      (= name "is_pid") (er-bif-is-pid vs)
+      (= name "self") (er-bif-self vs)
+      (= name "spawn") (er-bif-spawn vs)
       :else (error
         (str "Erlang: undefined function '" name "/" (len vs) "'")))))
 
@@ -863,6 +883,7 @@
       (er-cons? v) (str "[" (er-format-list-elems v) "]")
       (er-tuple? v) (str "{" (er-format-tuple-elems (get v :elements)) "}")
       (er-fun? v) "#Fun"
+      (er-pid? v) (str "<pid:" (get v :id) ">")
       :else (str v))))
 
 (define
diff --git a/plans/erlang-on-sx.md b/plans/erlang-on-sx.md
index 393ae9dc..05cf96a5 100644
--- a/plans/erlang-on-sx.md
+++ b/plans/erlang-on-sx.md
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ Core mapping:
 
 ### Phase 3 — processes + mailboxes + receive (THE SHOWCASE)
 - [x] Scheduler in `runtime.sx`: runnable queue, pid counter, per-process state record — **39 runtime tests**
-- [ ] `spawn/1`, `spawn/3`, `self/0`
+- [x] `spawn/1`, `spawn/3`, `self/0` — **13 new eval tests**; `spawn/3` stubbed with "deferred to Phase 5" until modules land; `is_pid/1` + pid equality also wired
 - [ ] `!` (send), `receive ... end` with selective pattern matching
 - [ ] `receive ... after Ms -> ...` timeout clause (use SX timer primitive)
 - [ ] `exit/1`, basic process termination
@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ Core mapping:
 
 _Newest first._
 
+- **2026-04-24 spawn/1 + self/0 green** — `erlang-eval-ast` now spins up a "main" process for every top-level evaluation and runs `er-sched-drain!` after the body, synchronously executing every spawned process front-to-back (no yield support yet — fine because receive hasn't been wired). BIFs added in `lib/erlang/runtime.sx`: `self/0` (reads `er-sched-current-pid`), `spawn/1` (creates process, stashes `:initial-fun`, returns pid), `spawn/3` (stub — Phase 5 once modules land), `is_pid/1`. Pids added to `er-equal?` (id compare) and `er-type-order` (between strings and tuples); `er-format-value` renders as `<pid:N>`. 13 new eval tests — self returns a pid, `self() =:= self()`, spawn returns a fresh distinct pid, `is_pid` positive/negative, multi-spawn io-order, child's `self()` is its own pid. Total eval 143/143; runtime 39/39; suite 296/296. Next: `!` (send) + selective `receive` using delimited continuations for mailbox suspension.
 - **2026-04-24 scheduler foundation green** — `lib/erlang/runtime.sx` + `lib/erlang/tests/runtime.sx`. Amortised-O(1) FIFO queue (`er-q-new`, `er-q-push!`, `er-q-pop!`, `er-q-peek`, `er-q-compact!` at 128-entry head drift), tagged pids `{:tag "pid" :id N}` with `er-pid?`/`er-pid-equal?`, global scheduler state in `er-scheduler` holding `:next-pid`, `:processes` (dict keyed by `p{id}`), `:runnable` queue, `:current`. Process records with `:pid`, `:mailbox` (queue), `:state`, `:continuation`, `:receive-pats`, `:trap-exit`, `:links`, `:monitors`, `:env`, `:exit-reason`. 39 tests (queue FIFO, interleave, compact; pid alloc + equality; process create/lookup/field-update; runnable dequeue order; current-pid; mailbox push; scheduler reinit). Total erlang suite 283/283. Next: `spawn/1`, `!`, `receive` wired into the evaluator.
 - **2026-04-24 core BIFs + funs green** — Phase 2 complete. Added to `lib/erlang/transpile.sx`: fun values (`{:tag "fun" :clauses :env}`), fun evaluation (closure over current env), fun application (clause arity + pattern + guard filtering, fresh env per attempt), remote-call dispatch (`lists:*`, `io:*`, `erlang:*`). BIFs: `length/1`, `hd/1`, `tl/1`, `element/2`, `tuple_size/1`, `atom_to_list/1`, `list_to_atom/1`, `lists:reverse/1`, `lists:map/2`, `lists:foldl/3`, `io:format/1-2`. `io:format` writes to a capture buffer (`er-io-buffer`, `er-io-flush!`, `er-io-buffer-content`) and returns `ok` — supports `~n`, `~p`/`~w`/`~s`, `~~`. 35 new eval tests. Total eval 130/130; erlang suite 244/244. **Phase 2 complete — Phase 3 (processes, scheduler, receive) is next.**
 - **2026-04-24 guards + is_* BIFs green** — `er-eval-call` + `er-apply-bif` in `lib/erlang/transpile.sx` wire local function calls to a BIF dispatcher. Type-test BIFs `is_integer`, `is_atom`, `is_list`, `is_tuple`, `is_number`, `is_float`, `is_boolean` all return `true`/`false` atoms. Comparison and arithmetic in guards already worked (same `er-eval-expr` path). 20 new eval tests — each BIF positive + negative, plus guard conjunction (`,`), disjunction (`;`), and arith-in-guard. Total eval 95/95; erlang suite 209/209.