mono/shared/infrastructure/fragments.py

"""
Server-side fragment composition client.

Each coop app exposes HTML fragments at ``/internal/fragments/{type}``.
This module provides helpers to fetch and cache those fragments so that
consuming apps can compose cross-app UI without shared templates.

Failures raise ``FragmentError`` by default so broken fragments are
immediately visible rather than silently missing from the page.
"""

from __future__ import annotations

import asyncio
import logging
import os
from typing import Sequence

import httpx

log = logging.getLogger(__name__)

# Re-usable async client (created lazily, one per process)
_client: httpx.AsyncClient | None = None

# Default request timeout (seconds)
_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = 2.0

# Header sent on every fragment request so providers can distinguish
# fragment fetches from normal browser traffic.
FRAGMENT_HEADER = "X-Fragment-Request"


class FragmentError(Exception):
    """Raised when a fragment fetch fails."""


def _get_client() -> httpx.AsyncClient:
    global _client
    if _client is None or _client.is_closed:
        _client = httpx.AsyncClient(
            timeout=httpx.Timeout(_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT),
            follow_redirects=False,
        )
    return _client


def _internal_url(app_name: str) -> str:
    """Resolve the Docker-internal base URL for *app_name*.

    Looks up ``INTERNAL_URL_{APP}`` first, falls back to
    ``http://{app}:8000``.
    """
    env_key = f"INTERNAL_URL_{app_name.upper()}"
    return os.getenv(env_key, f"http://{app_name}:8000").rstrip("/")


# ------------------------------------------------------------------
# Public API
# ------------------------------------------------------------------

def _is_fragment_request() -> bool:
    """True when the current request is itself a fragment fetch."""
    try:
        from quart import request as _req
        return bool(_req.headers.get(FRAGMENT_HEADER))
    except Exception:
        return False


async def fetch_fragment(
    app_name: str,
    fragment_type: str,
    *,
    params: dict | None = None,
    timeout: float = _DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
    required: bool = True,
) -> str:
    """Fetch an HTML fragment from another app.

    Returns the raw HTML string.  When *required* is True (default),
    raises ``FragmentError`` on network errors or non-200 responses.
    When *required* is False, returns ``""`` on failure.

    Automatically returns ``""`` when called inside a fragment request
    to prevent circular dependencies between apps.
    """
    if _is_fragment_request():
        return ""

    base = _internal_url(app_name)
    url = f"{base}/internal/fragments/{fragment_type}"
    try:
        resp = await _get_client().get(
            url,
            params=params,
            headers={FRAGMENT_HEADER: "1"},
            timeout=timeout,
        )
        if resp.status_code == 200:
            return resp.text
        msg = f"Fragment {app_name}/{fragment_type} returned {resp.status_code}"
        if required:
            log.error(msg)
            raise FragmentError(msg)
        log.warning(msg)
        return ""
    except FragmentError:
        raise
    except Exception as exc:
        msg = f"Fragment {app_name}/{fragment_type} failed: {exc}"
        if required:
            log.error(msg)
            raise FragmentError(msg) from exc
        log.warning(msg)
        return ""


async def fetch_fragments(
    requests: Sequence[tuple[str, str, dict | None]],
    *,
    timeout: float = _DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
    required: bool = True,
) -> list[str]:
    """Fetch multiple fragments concurrently.

    *requests* is a sequence of ``(app_name, fragment_type, params)`` tuples.
    Returns a list of HTML strings in the same order.  When *required*
    is True, any single failure raises ``FragmentError``.
    """
    return list(await asyncio.gather(*(
        fetch_fragment(app, ftype, params=params, timeout=timeout, required=required)
        for app, ftype, params in requests
    )))


async def fetch_fragment_batch(
    app_name: str,
    fragment_type: str,
    *,
    keys: list[str],
    params: dict | None = None,
    ttl: int = 30,
    timeout: float = _DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
    required: bool = True,
) -> dict[str, str]:
    """Fetch a batched fragment keyed by multiple identifiers.

    The provider receives *keys* as a comma-separated ``keys`` query param
    and returns HTML with ``<!-- fragment:{key} -->`` comment markers
    delimiting each entry.  Returns ``dict[key, html]`` with ``""`` for
    missing keys.

    Individual results are cached in Redis per key.
    """
    if _is_fragment_request() or not keys:
        return {k: "" for k in keys}

    redis = _get_redis()
    results: dict[str, str] = {}
    missing: list[str] = []

    # Build base suffix from extra params
    psuffix = ""
    if params:
        sorted_items = sorted(params.items())
        psuffix = ":" + "&".join(f"{k}={v}" for k, v in sorted_items)

    # Check Redis for individually cached keys
    for key in keys:
        cache_key = f"frag:{app_name}:{fragment_type}:{key}{psuffix}"
        if redis and ttl > 0:
            try:
                cached = await redis.get(cache_key)
                if cached is not None:
                    results[key] = cached.decode() if isinstance(cached, bytes) else cached
                    continue
            except Exception:
                pass
        missing.append(key)

    if not missing:
        return results

    # Fetch missing keys in one request
    fetch_params = dict(params or {})
    fetch_params["keys"] = ",".join(missing)

    try:
        html = await fetch_fragment(
            app_name, fragment_type, params=fetch_params,
            timeout=timeout, required=required,
        )
    except FragmentError:
        for key in missing:
            results.setdefault(key, "")
        if required:
            raise
        return results

    # Parse response by <!-- fragment:{key} --> markers
    parsed = _parse_fragment_markers(html, missing)
    for key in missing:
        value = parsed.get(key, "")
        results[key] = value
        # Cache individual results
        if redis and ttl > 0:
            cache_key = f"frag:{app_name}:{fragment_type}:{key}{psuffix}"
            try:
                await redis.set(cache_key, value.encode(), ex=ttl)
            except Exception:
                pass

    return results


def _parse_fragment_markers(html: str, keys: list[str]) -> dict[str, str]:
    """Split batched HTML by ``<!-- fragment:{key} -->`` comment markers."""
    result: dict[str, str] = {}
    marker_prefix = "<!-- fragment:"
    marker_suffix = " -->"

    for i, key in enumerate(keys):
        start_marker = f"{marker_prefix}{key}{marker_suffix}"
        start_idx = html.find(start_marker)
        if start_idx == -1:
            result[key] = ""
            continue
        content_start = start_idx + len(start_marker)

        # Find next marker or end of string
        next_marker_idx = len(html)
        for other_key in keys:
            if other_key == key:
                continue
            other_marker = f"{marker_prefix}{other_key}{marker_suffix}"
            idx = html.find(other_marker, content_start)
            if idx != -1 and idx < next_marker_idx:
                next_marker_idx = idx

        result[key] = html[content_start:next_marker_idx].strip()

    return result


async def fetch_fragment_cached(
    app_name: str,
    fragment_type: str,
    *,
    params: dict | None = None,
    ttl: int = 30,
    timeout: float = _DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
    required: bool = True,
) -> str:
    """Fetch a fragment with a Redis cache layer.

    Cache key: ``frag:{app}:{type}:{sorted_params}``.
    """
    # Build a stable cache key
    suffix = ""
    if params:
        sorted_items = sorted(params.items())
        suffix = ":" + "&".join(f"{k}={v}" for k, v in sorted_items)
    cache_key = f"frag:{app_name}:{fragment_type}{suffix}"

    # Try Redis cache
    redis = _get_redis()
    if redis:
        try:
            cached = await redis.get(cache_key)
            if cached is not None:
                return cached.decode() if isinstance(cached, bytes) else cached
        except Exception:
            pass

    # Cache miss — fetch from provider
    html = await fetch_fragment(
        app_name, fragment_type, params=params, timeout=timeout, required=required,
    )

    # Store in cache (even empty string — avoids hammering a down service)
    if redis and ttl > 0:
        try:
            await redis.set(cache_key, html.encode(), ex=ttl)
        except Exception:
            pass

    return html


# ------------------------------------------------------------------
# Helpers
# ------------------------------------------------------------------

def _get_redis():
    """Return the current app's Redis connection, or None."""
    try:
        from quart import current_app
        r = current_app.redis
        return r if r else None
    except Exception:
        return None