diff --git a/sexp_effects/primitive_libs/streaming_gpu.py b/sexp_effects/primitive_libs/streaming_gpu.py
index d9ee129..d0d80b4 100644
--- a/sexp_effects/primitive_libs/streaming_gpu.py
+++ b/sexp_effects/primitive_libs/streaming_gpu.py
@@ -929,6 +929,9 @@ def prim_fused_pipeline(img, effects_list, **dynamic_params):
                 result = gpu_contrast(result, factor, 0)
             elif op == 'invert':
                 result = gpu_invert(result)
+        # Return raw array, not GPUFrame (downstream expects arrays with .flags attribute)
+        if isinstance(result, GPUFrame):
+            return result.gpu if result.is_on_gpu else result.cpu
         return result
 
     # Get image dimensions